Angelas Ashes Comparative Commentary Essay Example for Free

Angelas Ashes Comparative Commentary Essay Although these two passages taken from the memoirs; Angelas Ashes by Frank McCourt and Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Sallinger, are similar to each other in some aspects, such as mood, perceptions and attitudes towards death etc., their society, culture, and their ages make the contrast between their styles. In the passage from Catcher in the Rye, we see the 17-years-old Holden going to his brother Allies grave. From his comments about his brothers death, we start to interpret his immature and irreverent character. I know its only his body and all thats in the cemetery, and his souls in Heaven and all that crap On the other hand, just like Frank McCourts, Holdens anger, sadness and resentment is seen by his mood and tone. The 5-years-old little Frankie is already witness to his sister Margarets death, and now he losts his little brother Oliver. In this scene, where Oliver is buried in the graveyard, Frankie tries to understand the things around him with his childish curiosity and responses. I did not want to leave Oliver with them. I threw a rock at a jackdaw that waddled over toward Olivers grave. Nevertheless, although his age, Holdens inability to come to terms with his brothers death makes him angry and resentful. All the visitors could get in their cars and turn on their radios and all and then go someplace nice for dinner everybody except Allie. I couldnt stand it. There are some hints in the passages which suggest about the culture, societies and time the two memoirs took place. Holden says the visitors could get in their cars and turn on their radios and all and then go someplace nice for dinner, whereas Frankie says we rode to the hospital in a carriage with a horse and My mother and Aunt Aggie cried, Grandma looked angry, Dad, Uncle Pa Keating, and Uncle Pat Sheehan looked sad but did not cry and I thought that if youre a mean you can cry only when you have the black stuff that is called the pint. The carriage with a horse and the people running like hell over to their cars and turn on their radios show us that the scene from Angelas Ashes took place many years before Catcher in the Rye. Moreover, with Frankies childish comment about his family, the men in his family appear as drinkers; this suggests about the Irish culture which all men are drinkers. The same comment also clearly shows us the difference between women and men in their culture. We also see that the two characters families and societies are Christian, and believe in the life after death. Holden says I know its only his body and all thats in the cemetery, and his souls in Heaven and all that crap, but I couldnt stand it anyway. On the other hand Frankie explains, Dad said I shouldnt throw rocks at jackdaws, they might be somebodys soul. I didnt know what a soul was but I didnt ask him because I didnt care. Their perception towards religion is the same; they both believe in what is taught to them, but in both cases the characters sadness and anger are much greater then their religion now, when they lost their brothers whom they love and were connected so much. I wish he wasnt there. You didnt know him. If youd known him, youd know what I mean. Oliver was dead and I hated jackdaws. Both Frankie and Holden are alone with their thoughts and feelings; they cannot share them with anyone. Holden is too immature and powerless to face his brothers death and Frankies parents wouldnt answer his question marks about death. The two narrative characters cannot talk about or express their sorrow, they have to keep it inside and divert it into anger and hate of other things or people around them. Id be a man someday and Id come with a bag of rocks and Id leave the graveyard littered with dead jackdaws. All the visitors in the cemetery started running like hell over to their cars. Thats what nearly drove me crazy. Hence the two characters need to heal theirselves by something else; writing.

Meaning of Political Theory

Meaning of Political Theory Political theory is a subdivision of the study of politics. It is a contested expression in that political theorists have failed to reach a consensus on an all-encompassing definition as any such definition is bound to alienate someone. Theorists have tried to bring some exactness to the contested concepts so that one can provide convincing arguments for the particular social arrangements aimed. However, John Plamenatz defined political theory as the systematic thinking about the purposes of government (Farrelly, 2004). The expression Political Theory is composed of two words, ‘Politics’ and ‘Theory’. Politics literally means the study of politics and it is about conflict of interest and its resolution which occurs at every level of the society. Theory is anything from a plan to a piece of abstract knowledge. In academic discourse, however, a theory is an explanatory proposition, an idea or set of ideas that in some way seeks to impose order or meaning upon phenomena (Heywood, 2004). This paper therefore seeks to discuss what political theory is. The role of political theory is to analyze the political concepts, understand and criticize them through the use of the four tools: concepts, models, theories and paradigms. Concept is a general idea about something usually expressed in a single word or short phrase that draws out meaning from an otherwise infinitely complex reality, for example; equality, presidency, political party, power, social class, rights, law, etc. (Heywood, 2004). It helps to make sense of the world by serving as a tool for thinking, criticizing, arguing, explaining and analyzing political developments and to classify objects by recognizing that they have similar forms or properties, hence concepts serve as building blocks of human knowledge. Model is a representation of empirical data that aims to advance understanding by highlighting significant relationships and interactions among variables, for example; systems analysis, public choice, game theory, etc. Models are built around a number of concepts to apt ly resemble the original object without necessarily becoming its copy. A Theory is an explanation and prediction of relationships among specific variables, for example; pluralism, elitism, functionalism, etc. It is usually used interchangeably with model and may be explained by a series of models. A theory attempts to present a full explanation and prediction of future events while a model attempts to accurately reflect reality. Paradigm is an intellectual framework comprising interrelated values, theories and assumptions, within which search for knowledge is conducted. It consists of a set of principles that structure the process of intellectual inquiry, for example; liberalism, Marxism, feminism, etc. According to Heywood (2004), political theory was broadly defined to include normative theory and systematic theory. Normative theory contains the history of political ideas and the continuous generation of new ideas about what society ought to be. It is concerned with ethical or normative questions, such as why should I obey the state, how should rewards be distributed and what should be the limits of individual liberty. This traditional approach is primarily interested in examining how thinkers developed and justified their views, and the intellectual context in which they worked. Systematic theory includes the explanation and understanding of the existing society and enables one to make projections for the possible future transformations. Given this difference in the definition of political theory, it is not easy to reach a compromise on the definition. Political theory involves analytical study of ideas and doctrines that have been central to political thought unlike Political Ph ilosophy which is concerned with the critical evaluation of political beliefs, paying attention to both inductive and deductive forms of reasoning and to clarify and refine the concepts employed in political discourse. It has attempted to understand better the behavior of actors like voters, politicians, lobbyists and bureaucrats, and has spawned rational choice, public choice and social choice schools of thought (Heywood, 2004). Hoffman and Graham, in their book, Introduction to Political Theory, explain that political theory takes account of activity that focuses on the states that are formed by political parties through elections to govern a country. In everyday life, we are guided by notions of right and wrong, justice and injustice, so that everything we do is informed by concepts, just like politicians. Humans in general cannot work without ideas as it is a defining property of human activity that we can only act when we have ideas in our head as to what we should do (Hoffman et al., 2009). The objective of political theory is also to train citizens to think rationally about political questions and assess correctly the political events of their time. Human beings are unique in two respects: they possess reason and the ability to reflect on their actions. They communicate with each other in the language they know. Unlike other species, they can express their innermost thoughts and desires; they can share their ideas and discuss what they consider to be good and desirable. Political theory has its roots in these twin aspects of the human self. It analyzes certain basic questions such as how the society should be organized, why government is needed, what is the best form of government, what does the state owe its citizens and what do we owe each other as citizens (www.politics.as.nyu.edu). It examines questions of this kind and systematically deals with the origins, meanings and significance of political ideas that we are familiar with such as freedom, equality, democracy, citizenship, justice, development, nationalism, secularism, etc. It clarifies the existing definitions of these concepts by focusing on some major political thinkers of the past and present. It also examines the extent to which freedom or equality are actually present in the institutions that we participate in everyday such as schools, shops, buses, trains, government offices, etc. It looks at whether existing definitions are adequate and how existing institutions of government and policy practices must be modified to become more democratic in a systematic manner. It probes the significance of principles such as rule of law, separation of powers, judicial review, etc. This is done by examining the arguments advanced by different thinkers in defense of these concepts. Besides examining arguments, political theorists also reflect upon the current political experiences and point out trends and possibilities for the future. When we begin a debate or argument on any topic, we usually as k what does it mean and how does it matter (www.politics.as.nyu.edu). Conclusion Political theory means theorizing politics. It encourages people to examine their ideas and feelings about political things. It exposes them to systematic thinking on justice or equality so that they can polish their opinions and argue in an informed manner and for the sake of common interests. It analyzes and explains political ideas and concepts rather than advance any particular beliefs or interpretations like what political philosophy does. In this context, political theory will mean an explanatory proposition, an idea or set of ideas that seeks to explain matters about politics. Bibliography Farrelly, C. (2003), An Introduction to Contemporary Political Theory, A Reader: Sage Publications Ltd, London. Heywood, A. (2004), Political Theory: An Introduction, 3rd Edition: Palgrave MacMillan, New York. Hoffman, J. and Graham, P. (2009), Introduction to Political Theory, 2nd Edition: Pearson Education Limited. (www.politics.as.nyu.edu), Chapter 1; Political Theory: An Introduction.pdf 1 Meaning of Political Theory Meaning of Political Theory The term Political Theory is composed of two words ‘Politics’ and ‘Theory’. Politics means the study of politics whereby theory is anything from a plan to a piece of abstract knowledge. In academic discourse, however, a theory is an explanatory proposition, an idea or set of ideas that in some way seeks to impose order or meaning upon phenomena. Political theory involves analytical study of ideas and doctrines that have been central to political thought (Heywood, 2004). This paper seeks to discuss the meaning of political theory. Political Philosophy Political Philosophy is concerned with how the world ought to be rather than with how we see it now. In short this area of study is defined based on what is experienced rather than on theory. What political goals, is it reasonable and correct to follow? The meanig of this is to be leally employed to pursue such reasonable and main purpose. In short these are the impotant questions Political Philosophy tries to answer. Political philosophers have discussed them from antiquity to recent times, that is why the sound knowledge of the history of political thought isindispensable for political theorists. (Druwe ulrich) Political theory is concerned with ethical or normative questions, such as ‘Why should I obey the state?’, ‘How rewards should be distributed?’ and ‘What should be the limits of individual liberty?’ This traditional approach is primarily interested in examining views by great thinkers, justify them and find out their sources and the intellectual context in which they worked. Political theory has attempted to understand better the behavior of actors like voters, politicians, lobbyists and bureaucrats, and has spawned ‘rational choice,’ ‘public choice’ and ‘social choice’ schools of thought. Heywood, 2004 Political theory examines questions of this kind and systematically clarifies the meaning of concepts such as freedom, equality, democracy, secularism and justice. It explains the meanings and significance of these and other related concepts. It clarifies the existing definitions of these concepts by focusing on some major political thinkers of the past and present. It also examines the extent to which freedom or equality are actually present in the institutions that we participate in everyday such as schools, shops, buses or trains or government offices. It looks at whether existing definitions are adequate and how existing institutions (government, bureaucracy) and policy practices must be modified to become more democratic in a systematic manner. Political theory probes the significance of principles such as rule of law, separation of powers, judicial review, etc. This is done by examining the arguments advanced by different thinkers in defense of these concepts. Besides examining arguments, political theorists also reflect upon the current political experiences and point out trends and possibilities for the future. The role of Political theory is to analyze the political concepts, understand them and criticize them through the use of the four tools: concepts, models, theories and paradigms. Concept is a general idea or mental construct in which an attempt is made to draw out meaning from an otherwise infinitely complex reality, for example; equality, presidency, political party, etc. It helps to make sense of the world by serving as a tool through which political developments are explained, analyzed, disapproved, and classifying of objects by recognizing that they have similar forms or properties. For example we must attempt to understand the political parties in Malawi since the colonial period to date. What we have seen, heard and experienced has acted as a building block for our knowledge Dr. E B Muluzi introduced starter pack fertilizer to famers but hunger still continued but Prof. Bingu Wa Muthalika analyzed what was in the past and introduced fertilizer subsidy, it worked and it put Malawi on the world map as a food self-sufficient. Therefore Concepts serve as building blocks of human knowledge. Model is an analytical tool through which meaning can be imposed upon a massive disorganized collection of facts , simplification of reality and merely a device for drawing out understanding but not reliable knowledge in themselves ,following and explaining Easton’s systems model we see that people mean people who form political parties and their parties in estimate figures then inputs are manifestos which are made to convince voters to elect them into government and the gate keepers are mechanisms put in place to protect the government of the day like law enforcers. The government is the political party that has been elected into power by the people. Outputs are the developments that are unfold from their manifestos in order to fulfill their promises they made during campaign period. A model can also be defined as a representation of empirical data that aims to advance understanding by highlighting significant relationships and interactions among variables. Models are built around a number of concepts to aptly resemble the original object without necessarily becoming its copy. Theory is a reliable explanation, comprehensive, consistent and systematic prediction of relationships among specific variables. It is usually used interchangeably with model and may be explained by a series of models. A theory attempts to present a full explanation and prediction of future events while a model attempts to accurately reflect reality. The objective of political theory is to train citizens to think rationally about political questions and assess correctly the political events of our time. Human beings are unique in two respects: they possess reason and the ability to reflect on their activities. In addition to that they also have the ability to use language and communicate with each other. Unlike other species, they can express their innermost thoughts and desires; they can share their ideas and discuss what they consider to be good and desirable. Political theory has its roots in these twin aspects of the human self. It analyzes certain basic questions such as how the society should be governed. Is the government needed? What form of government is best for us? Is our freedom limited by the law? What social contract is there between the state and its citizens? What about citizen to citizen? Paradigm is an intellectual framework comprising interrelated values, theories and assumptions, within which search for knowledge is conducted. It consists of a set of principles that structure the process of intellectual inquiry. Conclusion Political theory helps us in critical thinking, evaluation and understanding of ideas. As a human being we are able to enlarge our knowledge because it is through the study of political theory where we get building blocks of our knowledge. It also helps us to understand and evaluate manifestos of political parties in order to make informed decision and make a good choice during any election, in addition to that politicians are able to make decisions for their parties so that they can be voted into power in any election and they can be able to make a good government. Political theory’s objective is to analyze and explain political ideas and concepts rather than advance any particular beliefs or interpretations like what political philosophy does. In this context, political theory will mean an explanatory proposition, an idea or set of ideas that seeks to explain matters in politics. In all political theory involves the analytical study of ideas and doctrines that have been cent ral to political thought (Heywood 2004). Bibliography Heywood, A.(2004) Political Ideologies: An introduction. 3rd ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Heywood, A.(2004) Political Theory: An Introduction. 3rd ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Druwe Ulrich (1995)politische 2nd ed Neuried https: ioenline. Microsoft.com./# ieslice.

Free Essays - Ozymandias by Percy Shelley :: Ozymandias Essays

Ozymandias by Percy Shelley Daniel 4:37: "Now I, Nebuchadnezzar, praise and extol and honor the King of heaven, all of whose works are truth, and His ways justice. And those who walk in pride He is able to put down." Shelley tells us about this statue of the great King Ozymandias, and engraved on his pedestal reads: "My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings, Look on my Works, ye Mighty and despair!" We read that passage and immediately think of the arrogance and pride that this man must of had. "Look on my Works, ye Mighty and despair!" Works is capitalized as if it deserved reverence and awe. Shelley also tells us that this great statute has been shattered: "Two vast and trunkless legs of stone stand in the desart. . . . . Near them, on the sand Half sunk a shattered visage lies," So we imagine these pair of legs on a pedestal in the middle of a desert and look to the ground to find the rest of the sculpture shattered into pieces. We read the engraving on the pedestal and look around to see his works so that we can "despair" and we find that "Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away." I can't help but laugh at the whole situation. Nature has smitten man. Nature won out in the end. Man tried to build a huge empire and then mocked all of natures work and even asks that all "despair" because who could beat his work. Nature has in the end won out and we sit and laugh with nature as Ozymandias's face is in the ground, shattered with a frown half sunken in sand. Nature's arrogance is also evident too though. Nature destroyed man's Work and leaves us the pedestal to read. Nature kept the pedestal as a sign for all of us: "My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings, Look on my Works, ye Mighty and despair." Now replace the name Ozymandias with Nature. "My name is Nature, King of Kings, Look on my Works, ye Mighty and despair." We can replace Ozymandias with Nature because Nature won out in the end. Nothing that Ozymandias accomplished survived. Nature survived and destroyed all that man had done.

The Importance of Light in A Streetcar Named Desire :: A Streetcar Named Desire Essays

This paper will discuss the use of light in the play, "A Streetcar Named Desire", by Tennessee Williams. Blanche’s relation to light is quite obvious because she tries to avoid bright light of any kind. Her reaction to light can be regarded as an attempt to hide her true nature as well as her vanishing beauty and youth. By hiding from the light, she tries to escape reality. She covers the naked light bulb with a Chinese paper lantern, saying, â€Å"I can’t stand a naked light bulb, any more than I can a rude remark or a vulgar action† (Sc.3 p. 2093). This remark shows that Blanche would rather hide behind polite phrases than accept truth and reality. The paper lantern is not very stable, though, and it can easily be destroyed, just like her illusions. In scene six, she takes Mitch home with her and says, â€Å"Let’s leave the lights off† (Sc.6 p. 2309). Blanche thinks of Mitch as a future husband, and therefore she does not want him to know her past or her true age, and the best way to hide her age is to stay out of bright light where he could possibly see her wrinkles and fading youth in her face. Later in that scene, Blanche tells Mitch about her husband Allan: â€Å"When I was sixteen, I made the discovery – love. All at once and much, much too completely. It was like you suddenly turned a blinding light on something that had always been half in shadow, that’s how it struck the world for me† (Sc. 6 p. 2113). In her past, light used to represent love, but now it represents something destructive for her. Allan’s suicide erases the light or love, and thus she now does not believe in it any longer and tries to escape from the light and therefore escape reality. When Mitch tears off the paper lantern in order to take a closer look at her in the bright light, â€Å"she utters a frightened gasp† (Sc. 9 p. 2125). Then she tells him, â€Å"I don’t want realism. I want magic! Yes, yes, magic! I try to give that to people. I misrepresent things to them. I don’t tell truth, I tell what ought to be truth.

Mass School Shootings: The Problem is Mental Illness, Not Guns Essay

I was watching TV with my friends kids and attempting to find a movie they might enjoy. Unluckily for the children I had to pass by consecutive news channels. At first I passed by quickly through the first three channels but then I noticed the rest of the news channels that I did happen to glimpse had headlines saying school shooting. I couldn't help but watch the news for a bit to fully understand the situation. I discovered that many young children at Sandy Hook Elementary in Connecticut had been shot and died. I was saddened because of those children and parents who had to live through that experience. Later through the week I kept watching the news for more information. The news Investigators revealed the man's name as twenty year old Adam Lanza and found out that he may have had mental health issues but apparently no one noticed or detected it. Friends and family only described him as a bright young man who was shy and kept to himself. This shooting could have happened in any school it could have even happened right here, and that's what terrifies and angers me the most. How can we improve the mental health care system so tragedies like these don't happen again? Most people are not concerned about the mental health care systems. These people don't understand the harm restricting medications can cause to the mentally ill and are too concerned with gun control to see the deeper problem. If these people knew more, however, they would realize that without the proper care the mentally ill could go out of control and that most of these people are not being correctly diagnosed. Restricting Medication can be Harmful Mental Illness explains how restricting medication from mentally ill individuals can harm them. H... ... Joe, and Paul Barr. â€Å"Call to Action Through Tragedy.† Modern Health Care (2012). Academic Search Complete. Web. 20 Feb. 2015. Carrey, Benedict. â€Å"A Tense Compromise on Defining Disorders.† New York Times 10 Dec. 2012. Web. 20 Feb. 2015. Espejo, Roman. Mental Illness. Detroit: Green Haven Press, 2012. Print. Jacob, James B. , and Jennifer Jones. â€Å"Keeping Firearms out of the Hands of the Dangerous Mentally Ill.† The Administrative and Regulatory Law News. 37.4 (2012): 11-20. Academic Search Complete. Web. 20 Feb. 2015. Johnson, Carolyn Y. â€Å"Doctors Peer into Mental Illness.† Boston Globe 23 Nov. 2004. Newsstand. Web. 20 Feb. 2015. Peters, Jeremy W, and Michael Luo. â€Å"Mental Health Again an Issue in Gun Debate.† New York Times 18 Sept. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2015. Thorrey, Fuller E. The Insanity Offense. New York: W.W. Norton and Company Inc, 2008. Print.

DBQ Pre AP World History Revised

However, there are multiple problems that arose, and they include social conflicts and agreements (Documents 1, 4, and 6), religious issues (Documents 5, 7, 8 and 9), and culture (Documents 2, 3 and 10). Part of the reasons for trouble involve social conflicts and disagreements, and the document was written for, or to explain about these problems (Documents 1, 4, and 6). For example, some people still believed in high and low castes. In Document 4, for example, someone from a low caste joined a high caste team. There were people that still believed that the caste system was an active part of society.Some people did not believe that this was right. Some people did not believe in people from different social classes being on the same cricket team. They may have thought that the lower castes were not as capable as the upper classes were. However, there were some people who may have thought that your place in society had nothing to do with your ability to play a sport, and should be in s ocial and educational life as well. Also, Document 1, we see social disagreements between different countries, because of the issues about the polo playing people damaging the field of the Indian cricketers.This shows that issues are taken to international levels if deed be. And once again in Document 6, there is noticeable anger between this Indian writer and the English. He is expressing that he feels offended by the ridicule that they (the team) are facing from the English. Another factor these documents could be expressing would be religious conflicts (Documents 5, 7, 8, and 9). In Document 8, Quadrangular cricket was a cricket tournament held in Bombay. The teams were divided up religiously, and because there were 4 teams, it was called quadrangular cricket.Some people thought that it was wrong for people to be playing religiously because hat was also a root of political tension. Document 8 expresses that, â€Å"l can understand Matches between colleges, and Institutions, but I have never understood the reason for having†¦ Religiously based teams. † This just shows that people have their opinions, and that they have good reason for it. However, the fact that people still went ahead with the tournament also shows that there were those who felt that it was still alright to have religiously based teams.Document 7 is clearly presenting the idea that religious competition is simply wrong. They say that Quadrangular Cricket has simply generated into religious rivalry. Document 5 is explaining about the competitions between the Europeans, Hindus, Muslims, and Paris (or the Indian Zoroastrian). They are talking about the Quadrangular tournament, and that the religious competition was â€Å"no less remarkable and I hope our Hindu brethren as sportsmen would be no less pleased but also rejoice at the Muslims winning the championship. And, this document shows that some people believe that the Quadrangular tournament was wrong, as it was in Document 8, o r that people take it the way that Document 7 did, and see that here was no need to get too upset about it, and that it was all just fair competition. And finally, Document 9 is expressing that when one country loses, sure the winning side can celebrate for their own victory, but still, they should feel bad for the country that lost, and not just enjoy themselves without thinking about the sorrow of the losing side.Some of the documents also explain cultural aspects and point of views of cricket (Documents 2, 3, and 10). For example, in the picture and text caption on Document 2, we see an Indian cricketer. This shows that people of efferent nationalities could enjoy the same Sport, and it could be done without any fighting or arguments. In Document 3, it explains how cricket unites people from different parts of the world, both rulers and the ruled. And, in document 10, we see how the idea of sharing a culture through the sport of cricket is expressed.The document also says that in countries like England, there are multiple sports, and that is simply not the case with India and Pakistan, because in those countries, there is one sport: cricket, and that is just one example of how â€Å"We hare culture, we share a history, and we share o much. † Each document has its own point of view, with some similarities and differences between each one. In Document 1, the point of view is from the Indian cricket players. This document was produced in 1 881, and the audience was the governor of the province of Bombay, India.This was a petition, or a letter to someone who was of authority. The message that this petition was trying to convey was that these cricket players were unhappy with the fact that a few English gentlemen were allowed to run their horses and play polo, on the only available cricket field, while over 500 native youths ere not permitted to use the grounds while the few gentlemen were playing polo. The reason for this feeling of anger was that the po lo players were ruining the cricket grounds, and that made the grounds unusable.Also, it seems that this petition is trying to appeal to the governor so that they can get what they want. This document seems to be heavily biased, based on the way that the writers were trying so hard to get the polo players off their grounds, and to show their frustration with the unfairness that was being permitted by England. In the second document, it seems that the point of view is neutral. There seems to be no bias, and there is a picture in the document, which is used as a visual aid. Overall, the document seems to portray a clear representation of a cricket player, and it seems to be for a report of some sort.In the third document, the point of view is a book excerpt. It seems that the excerpt is showing how Britain colonizes a country, and then seeks to unite the ruled with the rulers by playing cricket. It seems fair to say that the excerpt is expressing an idea about the â€Å"civilizedâ₠¬  way that Britain colonizes other lands. By introducing the game of cricket, it provides moral training and education that is valuable to the ordinary native, and much more efficient than traditional â€Å"book' (formal) education. The fourth document is from an Indian newspaper.This document as a whole is representing someone trying to show what can be accomplished by certain people. In the document, we read about how someone from a low caste was admitted to a team made up of higher caste people. The writer of this document is trying to express that just because people come from different social classes does not mean that they cannot accomplish the same things as each other, as long as they apply themselves. There are people who would agree with that Statement. However, there is some personal bias. The writer of this document may have been written by someone that believed in equality.This is particularly due to the fact that the document is trying to explain that ‘The cha mpion bowler of the Hindus is a leather worker. † Skip ahead, and it says that, â€Å"The upper-caste Hindus of an Indian cricket club found that although he was low-caste, his inclusion in the Hindu team would improve matters considerably with his pluck and spirit. They admitted him as their member. This is trying to push the fact that this person, while low caste, was able to get involved with higher caste people. The fifth document is one about a cricket team that lost. There is a lot of personal bias in this one.Based on the context of the document, it seems that the people that wrote the document were unhappy about what happened in this particular game. The document is expressing personal comments, which is fine. However, if one was to look for documents about the Quadrangular Tournament, they should approach this one with caution because of the religious bias that this document clearly has. There is something interesting about the sixth document. This document is an exc erpt from a monthly magazine article. However, the writer of this article is a supporter of the Nature XSL cricket club.This means that there is a bit of personal bias in this document. The point of view is unique because it tells how the English always consider them â€Å"effete† or â€Å"ineffective† and on the cricket field they were able to prove themselves otherwise. Document 7 is from an editorial in the sports journal Indian Cricket, showing personal bias, and it is very noticeable. These people are trying to explain that â€Å"Those happy days [Of cricket] are now gone, thanks to those self-seeking leaders who want to gain their ends by stirring up religious fanaticism. They are upset with Quadrangular Cricket, and they felt as though it did not have any benefit on the game, and rather endangered the healthy rivalry cricket. The bias here does have a lot of impact on the interpretation of the document because it adds a strong personal opinion about why this pe rson felt the way that they did. The point of view is interesting based on the source because it is an editorial. In an editorial, the writer is writing their personal opinion. Therefore, it is understandable as to why there is bias in this document.The eighth document was from, at the time very popular, Gandhi. Many people knew of this man, and he is still known very well today. He is expressing his opinion about the religiously based teams in cricket. He says that it is alright for â€Å"colleges and institutions†, but he said that he never saw why different religions would be competing each other, and he saw it as â€Å"taboo† in sporting language and sporting manners. He clearly does not agree tit the religious divisions of the teams. This is true personal bias. However, the point of view is intriguing because of the fact that Gandhi has a point.He is making it clear about what the problem is with the tournament, and presents a good reason as to why he disagrees wi th this type of competition. Document 9 is a short, quick document. It was a short excerpt from the newspaper Muslim India. However, this short quote is very important as another example of bias, but not entirely personal. This bias is personal, and cultural bias. It said that when his country is defeated, other people celebrate. He thinks that they should be feeling sorrow for his country, rather than rejoicing their own victory.The point view should be taken into account because it is coming from someone who as passion for something in this case their country), and when they lose, they are very upset over it, and then the bias comes. However, in the end, it is someone's own writing in a newspaper, and the opinion can be justified based on the context of the document. The tenth document is explaining what cultural impact cricket has. This was written by the Pakistan Cricket Board chairman. He is explaining why cricket is o important in India and Pakistan. He explains that cricket i s not just one of several sports like England has.In India and Pakistan, cricket is the one sport. He is trying to express to people that cricket is a fundamental part of Indian and Pakistani culture. And, the fact that he is pushing aside political issues, just to express the importance of cricket in these two countries' societies, expresses the importance of this sport, and why he is trying so hard to explain that. Because there were so many points of view, there felt the need to see one more, and that would have been the necessary additional comment, and that would have been one more point of view about why the Quadrangular Tournament was wrong.

Alcohol intoxication and edgar allan poe’s ‘the haunted palace’

It is unfair to immediately conclude something of a poem because as is normal with poetry, such is given to various interpretations.   While common interpretations of Poe’s ‘The Haunted Palace’ seem to assert confirmedly that the poem describes somebody dying with tuberculosis, this particular interpretation seems to be very faulty in many aspects because it is an interpretation that concretizes the already concrete images in the poem.In poetry, emotions and abstractions are concretized using tangible images, in which case, the interpretation of any piece of poetry should be dependent on the emotions that these concrete images convey and not on the additional concrete images that can be gleaned for the existing imagery in the poem, otherwise, this would cause ambiguity in the reading.   This is what happened with the ‘tuberculosis’ interpretation – another concrete image was read into the already concrete imagery in the poem.   It would b e wise to offer another reading of the poem, in this case, it has to be argued that instead of the tuberculosis interpretation a more accurate reading of the poem would be to consider alcohol intoxication, after all, other than just the images in the poem, the author, Poe was also given to alcoholism after the various tragedies in his life.To start this argument, it would first be best to consider why the previous interpretation of death by tuberculosis is faulty.   The reason for this faultiness is that an initial general reading of the poem was applied, and some of the finer details were disregarded in favor of the general reading.   To illustrate these further, take for instance the passage, â€Å"Through which came flowing/†¦A troop of echoes,/ whose sweet duty was but to sing† (27-30) – most readers interpret this as blood spit, however, there is nothing in these lines that present an image of one coughing out blood; these lines are more accurately alludi ng to someone who is talking gibberish, hence, the follow-up lines, â€Å"In voices of surpassing beauty,/the wit and wisdom of their king† (31-32)Most readers interpret this as being someone who is coughing up blood, but if read again carefully, the lines actually speak of someone who is incomprehensible, talking without ‘wit and wisdom’. (32)Another instance in the poem where a faulty reading is made is with the fifth stanza, this stanza is actually where the ‘haunting’ begins in the poem because this stanza talks about how the ‘monarch’ (34) dies.   There are readings of the poem that interpret this as the plague that killed the ‘monarch’ (34), however, if the lines are perused slowly, no such plague can be read into the poem.Others would argue that, â€Å"But evil things, in robes of sorrow† (33) personify the sickness of the king, but if this line is dissected it has to be noticed that what is being referred to here are ‘things’ (33), perhaps to mock the integrity of those whom this line is intended; and these ‘things’ (33) are in ‘robes of sorrow’ (33); the only ones who wore robes during the era of chivalry were knights and other nobility.These lines show how faultily the poem was interpreted by those who interpreted it as being the description of a head or someone dying with tuberculosis.Moving on, the next step would be to fortify the argument that, indeed, the poem is about drunkenness.   There are many details in the poem that point this particular subject matter out.Initially, let us consider the general theme of the poem – reading through it, it may be interpreted to be about someone who was initially a man of the people, and eventually, after succumbing to alcoholism, becomes introvert, depressed, and isolated from society.   The ‘death’ in the poem may be interpreted not as physical death but the death of a particula r aspect of a human person, such as his social affiliations, his sanity, or his soul.   This is validated in the end of the poem as will be explained in detail shortly.To begin the discussion of the poem and alcoholism, let us first consider the narrative of the poem which is shown in the first three stanzas.   In these stanzas, which are mostly descriptions of the palace, various allusions are noticed.For instance, in the second stanza, â€Å"Banners yellow, glorious, golden/on its roof did float and flow† (9-10); as opposed to the common interpretation of this being representative of the blond hair of the king in the poem, a more accurate interpretation would come from the Puritan tradition.Yellow ribbons have their origins in the English Civil War when members of the Puritan Army of English Parliament wore yellow ribbons.   This is also the origin of the ‘yellow-ribbon-tied-around-a-tree’ tradition which represents waiting for someone.Therefore, these pa ssages may just simply allude to the Puritan background of the poem, or perhaps, to the fact that the occupant of the palace is waiting for someone’s return.The parenthesized lines, â€Å"(This-all this-was in the olden/Time long ago,)† (11-12)   So, with these lines, it is easily concluded that the occupant of the palace has been waiting for someone for a very long time, which perhaps could be the reason for the development of melancholy, â€Å"Along the ramparts plumed and pallid,/A winged odor went away.†(15-16) The ‘spirits’ (14) in the third stanza do not refer to the ‘ghost’ that we might suppose them to be, but to actual persons – just as it might be used in the idiomatic expression ‘there was not a single soul in sight†.It is clear from the three stanzas of the narrative of the poem that there is nothing that talks about ‘tuberculosis’ or ‘death’.   These first three stanzas simpl y set the tone for a paradox as the poem progresses.   The poem is a mini story and as such, it has all the elements of a piece of prose, only rendered in poetry.   The images are very vivid and it is quite surprising that anyone would interpret it as something else more than just what it is actually saying.