Quality of Living Analysis for Greenpoint, Brooklyn Essay

Greenpoint Greenpoint, Brooklyn is a culturally vibrant neighborhood full of a wide range of retail shops, restaurants, bars & venues, banks, and other services. It is largely occupied by people of Polish descent (43. 6% according to the 2000 Census) and of Hispanic descent (19. 2%. ) The median income is $33,578, significantly lower than the corresponding national average of $41,994. Even with the median income in Greenpoint being almost $10,000 less than the national average, it has many of the same difficult characteristics shared by most New York City neighborhoods – namely igher-than-average housing prices, overcrowded schools, higher utility prices, high local taxes, and lack of high paying Jobs- all of which create a much higher total cost of living than most cities in the United States. A very low proportion of Greenpoint residents own their homes. According to the 2000 census, only 19. 2% of residents owned the homes they were living in, versus the 66. % national average. Rent prices have also consistently been on the rise, despite a few significant hiccups since the November 2008 financial crisis. It could be a great advantage to local residents if a rogram was set up providing local tax breaks for first time home owners in Greenpoint. Also, if the budget would allow, the City could match the Federal government’s pledge of $8000 in assistan ce for first time homebuyers. With $16,000 in assistance, and lowered taxes, many Greenpoint residents who otherwise would not be able to purchase a home might be able to afford that option. A lower percentage of Greenpoint residents graduate high school than the national average (70. 4% vs. 80. 4%), which is also true for those with Bachelors degrees (21. 2% vs. 24. 4%). This lack of higher education hinders peoples’ likelihood of getting high aying Jobs, and in turn, makes it harder for them to move out of poverty into the middle class. A no-cost GED training center should be set up on Greenpoint Avenue to assist high school dropouts (of any age) in getting a diploma. Similarly, a Greenpoint GED College fund should be set up, to provide full CUNY scholarships for the top 10% of the graduates of these GED programs. This not only would incline many people to seek their own education who otherwise wouldn’t, but it would also prevent many of the best students from slipping through the cracks, and ensure that more Greenpoint kids got a chance to go to college. A hot button issue for Greenpoint (and Brookyn as a whole) is land-use and development. In 2005, the City Council passed a plan for the re-zoning and development of much of the Greenpoint and Williamsburg waterfront, as well a large block of the upland area. The plan is known as the Greenpoint-Williamsburg Land Use and Waterfront Plan. The plan focuses on changing zoning regulations along the northern Brooklyn waterfront and some of the upland areas, mostly to allow for large residential buildings to be built. Many residents of the community were worried about the waterfront development uildings being built very high, and pushed for regulations limiting the number of condominium ; rental developments being geared only toward those with high incomes, and not toward those with average Greenpoint ; Williamsburg incomes (Williamsburg has an even lower median income than Greenpoint, $23,567. An attempt was made to strike a compromise between the community and the development groups, to solve both of these problems in one fell swoop. The compromise that was eventually passed is called the Greenpoint-Williamsburg Inclusionary Housing Program, which attempts to address concerns about both uilding height and low-income housing. The program stipulates that any development that includes a certain amount of affordable housing is eligible for a â€Å"floor area bonus†, meaning they are allowed to build higher than the base restriction. There are 2 waterfront zones designated, R6 and R8; in R6 the base floor area restriction is up to 23 stories, in R8 it is 33 stories. With 20-25% of space within the development designated for affordable housing, this restriction can be raised 4. 7% to 30 stories and 40 stories respectively. While in theory this idea sounds promising, in practice it will not accomplish the goals it claims to. First of all, if a new development chooses not to go past the floor area restrictions, then there is no requirement that they provide any affordable housing. This leaves little incentive for developers to spend the extra money to build higher, and choose to include the low- income housing, as they only gain 4. 6% in floor area bonus, but have to designate over 20% of the total space of affordable housing. It ends up only inclining them against building past the base floor area restrictions (which many residents believe are already far too lax, allowing for unnecessarily tall buildings that block other uildings’ views, and obstruct sunlight for large areas of the upland waterfront. I believe the plan should be changed to require that any and all new developments include at least 10% affordable housing to begin with. In addition to the affordable housing problem, the Greenpoint-Williamsburg Land Use and Waterfront Plan does not include any provisions for building new schools in the neighborhood. A new high school in Greenpoint is sorely needed, as most high school age students who cannot attend the Automotive Technical School, which is the only public high school in Greenpoint, end up attending schools in Ridgewood, Queens and Williamsburg. The plan also has no provisions for public daycare centers, tutoring or after-school programs, or improved transportation routes from the northwestern waterfront area (which is very difficult to commute from). It would be prudent to adjust the plan to require at least some of these programs to be set up in the area, at the shared cost of the developers’ and the City. It is important to use contractors and building companies from the local area when building new developments in Greenpoint. Too often, contracts for restoration projects, and new developments end up going to companies not from Brooklyn. For instance the old Greenpoint Hospital, which has been gathering dust since 1982, is going to be converted in 240 units of affordable housing, but the contract for this conversion went to TNS Development Group, based in Queens. Two other contracts, from local Greenpoint community groups, were both rejected. A perfect sector to create high paying Jobs in the local community is in skilled construction and building, it seems only right to award the slew of evelopment contracts that are available in the area to local contractors and edited to require that 50% of all building contracts from now on go to companies located in the 11222 area code. Shortly before her death, Jane Jacobs summed up the problems with the waterfront development plans in a letter to Mayor Michael Bloomberg: â€Å"The community’s plan does not cheat the future by neglecting to provide provisions for schools, daycare, recreational outdoor sports, and pleasant facilities for those things. The community’s plan does not promote new housing at the expense of both xisting housing and imaginative and economical new shelter that residents can afford. The community’s plan does not violate the existing scale of the community, nor does it insult the visual and economic advantages of neighborhoods that are precisely of the kind that demonstrably attract artists and other live-work craftsmen†¦ [but] the proposal put before you by city staff is an ambush containing all those destructive consequences. The roadblocks in the way of changing some of these plans would be great, and in order to make it possible, it would require a tremendous amount of public outcry and rassroots organization, in order to influence some major change of character in the highest levels of local power. If Mayor Bloomberg could be convinced to live up to his many campaign promises of building more public schools (and not Just charter schools), and more affordable housing, then maybe Greenpoint could get the funds and zoning changes needed to build a new High School and provide good housing for its largest demographic, the lower class. In order to fund some of these projects, taxes could be raised on all waterfront property that is not designated to low income ousing- which might provide some more incentive for developers to build more affordable housing in the area, and if it not, it might at least add some tax revenue that could help fund a new local high school. A plan that properly addresses all the issues in a neighborhood like Greenpoint would have to be much more expansive and detailed, and would surely encounter a lot of resistance from some local politicians and big development companies, but some of the ideas presented in this paper could have far-reaching positive consequences if they could gain enough public support, and be implemented.

A Comparison between British and Indian Political Party Systems Essay

It is a cardinal truth that party system has now become an inseparable part of the political tradition of any country. But due to the differences in perception, values, outlook, beliefs, culture, party system varies from country to country. Thus, some countries are dominated by a single party, some others have developed a two-party system, but still others have evolved a multi-party one. Of course a comparison between India and Britain will make the issue crystal clear. India had been under the British rule of nearly two centuries and, hence, it was legitimately expected that they would have some basic similarities in political system and structure. But, as a matter of fact, their political system has engendered queer dissimilarities in practical politics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First, British tradition has taught the politicians the value of tolerance and cooperation. So the Opposition agrees that the Government, due to its majority support, rules the nation and the Government, in its turn, admit that the Opposition has the inherent right to criticize it. This inter-play between the Government and the Opposition is the life-blood of the British politics. â€Å"If the Opposition constantly obstructed and the Government consistently voted it down, the dictatorship of the majority would soon be established† (Jennings, 88). In this sense, he writes that the Opposition is an essential part of the political system. Sir William Harcourt had, however, pointed out that â€Å"The function of the Opposition is to oppose the Government† (p. 78). But Sir Jennings has aptly shown the folly of such contention. According to him, the real function of the opposition is to oppose the wrong policy of the Government and to support its beneficial actions. This is why often the Prime Minister and the opposition leader meet together and discuss the matters of public importance. They even try to formulate common policy and draft the Bills on the basis of an agreement. In this connection, Sir Jennings observes, â€Å"Many proposals of the Government are not opposed, because there is general agreement† (p. 89). During two World Wars, two major parties sunk their differences and worked together through the War-Cabinet. Even during the peace time, they come nearer in order to fight out national crisis. Thus, when in 1931, the Labor Prime Minister, Mr. Ramsay MacDonald, â€Å"†¦intended to resign due to a split in his party, the cabinet was saved by the Conservative Party which joined it in order to avert a constitutional crisis (Majumder, p. 375). This ‘National Government’ functioned till 1936 without any internal crisis and it clearly indicates that the political culture of Britain has taught the leaders to unite together during any national crisis. Sometimes, the point of view of two different political parties was opposite. But the Prime Minister allowed the Conservative Ministers to express their own view. This is known as ‘Agreement to Differ’.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But political system in India is quite different. The Government hardly listens to the Opposition and the later, in its turn, is never friendly to it. While the former depends upon it brute majority, the later is depended upon a policy of obstruction. The discussions in the Parliament, thus, often become a â€Å"worse than a primary-school debate† (Sikri, p. 184). The opposition leaders are sometimes arrested or abused or humiliated in an unseemly manner. In fact, politics of power in India has thrown the Government and the opposition to two hostile camps and nothing seems to be unjust in such tussle. For example, in 1999, the Central Government was ousted by one vote in an ugly manner. But the parties in the opposition which united together in order to topple the Cabinet, could not tie up for forming a new one. Similarly, the Central Government of every political color has lavishly used Art 356 of the constitution with a view to dismissing the state governments formed by the opponents. Thus, between 1950 and 1996, such President’s Rule was promulgated 93 times for political reasons (Source: Lok-Sabha Secretariat, India). In this sense, it can be held that the central weapon has been more abused than used. In other words, a constitutional, lacuna has often been exploited by the power mongers at the Center in order to let the opponents down. Secondly, the British political system has also convinced the leaders to give more importance to public service than to party interest or personal gains. Thus, in 1923, Bonar Law, the Prime Minister, resigned on grounds of health. But in India, the leaders are more concerned with power – they are prepared to retain or snatch it by means, foul or fair. If they can capture power, they try to stick to it till death or defeat. It is to be remembered that in 1834, Lord Melbourne, the British Prime Minister suffered a setback due to a split in his party. He then asked the King, William IV, whether or not he would remain in his office. Acting upon the royal advice, he actually stepped down. But in India, neither a Prime Minister nor a Chief Minister quits his office in this way. It too suggests that political system in India is quite different. Thirdly, Britain has a two-party system. However, Ogg admits that, â€Å"†¦besides the Conservative party and the Labor Party, there are also the Liberals† (p. 552). But, in fact, the liberals faded out during the nineteen thirties. But, in India is a multi-party system. In 1991, 445 parties registered their names with the Election Commission. True that, at the beginning, the Congress dominated the political scene and, consequently G. Austin held that, â€Å"The Congress was India and India was the Congress† (p. 8). Truly, India had â€Å"one-dominant party-system† (Morris-Jones, p. 174). But gradually, various parties based on religion, region, localism, language, caste, creed and personal ambition came up in rapid progress. In fact, the â€Å"†¦diversities of population have now created a pluralistic society and this mushroom growth of political parties has affected Indian unity in an alarming way† (Rout, p. 200). Fourthly, it is true that on occasions, the British leaders like Robert Peel, J. Chamberlain and W. Churchill defected from their party. But such defection was motivated by lofty idealism and not by personal ambition and party integrity. But in India, defection has become a highly profitable business. Between March and April of 1969 as many as 550 legislators crossed the floor and as some of them did it on several occasions, the number of such defection finally reached to more than one thousand. Some of them even changed their loyalties from times within a month. So Dr. Kashyap has rightly observed that such â€Å"large-scale defection has often resulted in the ups and downs of the Cabinets† (p. 6). Sixthly, while public involvement in the election in Britain has made it a popular democracy, India is, in this respect, lagging far behind. In Britain, 80-90 percent people cast their votes, because they know that voting is the basis of indirect democracy. But political system in India is pathetically otherwise. In 1984, the percentage of popular participation in election in India rose to 64, but normally it remains below 62 and in 1962, it came down to 55 percent. Moreover, this percentage is based upon huge number of false votes. â€Å"While British polls reflect honesty and purity of purpose, elections in India have become a costly furze. Capturing of booths, use of armed criminals and dacoits, manipulation in the voter-list, looting of ballot papers and so on have become essential parts of election† (Kapur, p. 425). Seventhly, India has also failed to accept the idea of neutral speaker-ship which is an important aspect of British political tradition. â€Å"He is, as near as a human being can be, impartial† (Finer, p. 475). So, as soon as he takes the chair, he cuts off all relationships with his party and acts as the non-partisan chairman of the House of Commons. But, the speakers in India remain party-men and they often give their rulings in their political interests. So, Dr. Dash has rightly remarked, â€Å"We have not been able to reach the standard of aloofness prevailing in this matter in England† (Dash, p. 262). Last, but not the least, the British political system does not, by any means, admit corruption or turpitude on the part of Ministers or Leaders. Strong public opinion has always condemned such affairs and, on occasions, Mr. Profumo and Mr. Parkinson have to resign from the Cabinet. But in India, a person with nearly a dozen criminal charges can be and remain in the Cabinet. Most strangely, even the people of the country do not bother much with such ugly affairs. Party, Government and the People In modern times, the party system is an essential part of political life. However, in the dictatorial system, a particular political party monopolizes all political power, because it is essentially a one-party rule (Neumann, p. 244).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But, in a democratic system like India and Britain, the government is formed by the people and it is keyed to public opinion. So, the political parties keep up a link between the government and the electorate. In fact, they keep the national life politically (Agarwal, p. 386). Democracy means the rule of the people and as they are guided by the political parties, political life veers around the party system. â€Å"It is the electorate who determines the form of Government and chooses who guide and dictate its affairs† (Garner, p. 495)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But in realistic considerations, people hardly become unanimous – there are conflicting ideas and interests. â€Å"It happens, as in the case of the slavery question in the United States or the Free-trade problem in England, that some paramount issues divide the community† (Leacock, p. 313). Different political parties mould the opinion of different groups and the elections are actually fought on the basis of such issues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But ultimately, the bi-party system is far better than the multi party system in linking up the government and the people. In a multi party structure, people’s votes are divided among different political parties, and thus, often popular opinion is hardly reflected in the formation of the government. Often coalition governments come up without the popular intention. But in a bi-party system, the people choose either of the two parties and, hence, the election brings out a better coordination between the party and the Government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From this analysis, it would perhaps be amply clear that at least in a democracy, political life is determined by the party system. Particularly, a bi-party system like that of England creates a close link between the people and the government. References Austin, G. The Indian Constitution, World Press, New Delhi, 1978, p. 8 Agarwal, R.G. Political Theory, S. Chandra Books, Allahabad, 1996, p. 386 Dash, S.C. The Constitution of India, Modern Books, Mumbai, 1984, p. 262 Finer, H. Theory and Practice of Modern Government, Royal Press, New Delhi, 1976, p. 475 Garner, J.W. Political Science and Government, World Press, New Delhi, 1991, p. 495 Jennings, I. The Queen’s Government, Pelican Books, London, 1964, p. 88 Jennings, I. ibid, pp. 88-89 Kapur, A.C. The Indian Political System, New Press Hall, New Delhi, 11th ed. p. 425 Kashyap, S.C. Politics of Defection, Old House Publishers, Chennai, 1979, p. 6 Leacock, S. Elements of Political Science, Constable & Co. London, 1939, p. 313 Majumder, B.B. Rise and Development of the English Constitution, Book Land, Calcutta, 1968, p. 375 Morris-Jones, W.H. Government and Politics in India, Prince Town Publications, Calcutta, 1978, p. 172 Ogg, A. English Government and Politics, The MacMillan Company, London, 1929, p. 552 Rout, B.C. Democratic Constitution of India, New Book Hall, New Delhi, 1979, p. 200 Sikri, S.L. Indian Government and Politics, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, 1963, p. 184 The President’s Rule in the States and Union Territories, Lok Sabha Secretariat, Vol. 1, Issue 4, March 1993.

Traditional concept of domicile in accordance with English Law Essay

Traditional concept of domicile in accordance with English Law - Essay Example Many have observed that with the growing modernity, the rules regarding the loss and acquisition of domicile have become increasingly artificial and complex. Indeed it is correct to conclude that despite the significance of the concept of domicile, the rules for determining a persons domicile is unnecessarily complicated, technical, and sometimes leading to absurd results (Law Reform Commission 2004). The division of the concept of domicile into three types (domicile of origin, dependency, and choice) is one of the reasons for legal complications. The distinctions do not provide smooth and intelligible rules. Hence this unnecessary complexity led to calls for needed reforms, mostly premised on the idea that one general concept may suffice as a connecting factor in determining a person’s status and affairs. A radical yet widely supported proposal is the abolition of the domicile of origin and dependency. North believed that the abolition of domicile of origin and dependency in favor of one concept has the positive effect of simplifying the position (as cited in Law Reform Commission 2004). As a result, certain gaps in the existing common law rules will be settled. For instance, there is a gap with respect to determining the domicile of dependency of a child without parents. It must be noted that under the general rule a legitimate child follows the domicile of the father, while an illegitimate child that of the mother. There is however no clear rules with respect to those children without mother and father. Furthermore, it has been rationalized that there is no clear justification at least in principle for making a child’s domicile dependent on the parent’s marital status or whether the child is legitimate or not (Law Reform Commission 2004). There are those who voiced that the proposed changes in the law on domicile is a significant

Magnum Ice cream Launch in the US Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Magnum Ice cream Launch in the US Market - Essay Example According to the study the product has a unique appearance as it is golden in colour, which resembles liquid gold. The value proposition of the company is to provide the ultimate ice-cream experience for adults. The chief competitive advantage of the company is that it is the first ice-cream brand to target its products at adults. It is the biggest brand of Unilever ice-creams.   From this paper it is clear that Magnum Ice Cream is a part of the Unilever company. Over the past few years, the company has recorded rapid growth in its business. Recently, the company has been trying to emerge as the top player in the U.S. ice-cream industry.  The U.S. market produced about 1.53 billion gallons of ice-cream and related frozen desserts in 2011. The revenue from ice-cream sales was above 10 million in 2010 with take home market sales comprising 67.7 % of the total market value. The retail volume sales of ice-cream are expected to decline by 1% in 2013 because of the global economic rece ssion.  The U.S. has very low political risk for any business that wishes to enter into the country. As the company will mainly operate in the food industry, it may be subject to U.S. Food and Drug Administration laws for fair business practices.  The economic situation of the country is at an all time low as U.S. is one of the most developed countries of the world. The country has witnessed one of the most severe recessions, which began in 2007 and continued till 2009.

The Creative Innovation and Vast Influence of Merce Cunningham Essay

The Creative Innovation and Vast Influence of Merce Cunningham - Essay Example If I was one who did not know his background, I would just see him as an old, shriveled, slow-speaking senior citizen dispensing wisdom on dance and life from his wheelchair and regaling his glory days when he had his share of the limelight as the star of the show. Yet, upon listening to his words, one can be enamored by his passion for the arts, notwithstanding his age and disability. In his advanced age, when most of his contemporaries are long dead or shoved in nursing homes rendering them useless to society, Cunningham remained vigilant in his post as guard of the dance, issuing instructions for his company of dancers as he envisions the dance in his still brilliant mind. He may sit immobile in his wheelchair, but his spirit and ideas joined the nubile movements of his dancers on the floor. That vision alone encapsulates how innovative and influential he was in the world of dance. This paper will explore how he came to be such. Travelling back in time to his origins as a young da ncer, Merce Cunningham started training in all-round theatrical dance at the tender age of twelve under the supervision of Mrs. J.W. Barrett. He went on to further his studies at the Cornish School in Seattle, Washington and became a mentee of the eminent dance diva, Martha Graham. This grand dame had a great influence on the young Cunningham, as she prodded him to pursue professional dancing and choreography as a career. In 1944, he first collaborated with long-time art and life partner, John Cage in a dance concert where he choreographed his dances as the dance soloist to the original music composed and performed by John Cage. The resulting performance was something new for everyone to see and it elicited a gamut of reactions from all sectors. The resounding critique was made by Edwin Denby who noted that he had ‘never seen a first recital that combined such taste, such technical finish, such originality of dance material, and so sure a manner of presentation’ (Gresko vic, 1999, p. 72). Indeed, Cunningham has lived up to that compliment all throughout his dance career. In 1953, Cunningham had his own company of 5 dancers, including himself. He preferred to maintain a small group that even in 1994, there were only 17 including the choreographer. His fortunate dancer-trainees eventually went on to develop their own careers as dancer-choreographers and made names for themselves. Some of these were Paul Taylor, Remy Charlip, Viola Farber, Margaret Jenkins, Douglas Dunn, Gus Solomons, Jr., Karole Armitage and Ulysses Dove (Greskovic, 1999). The prominence these mentees of Cunningham gained was a reflection of his great influence in their dance philosophies. Cunningham’s dance innovations never ceased to amaze the audience. Asked if he was out to shock people with his dances, he claimed he was not, but was out to bring poetry in their lives. He brought a twist to ballet, which was so much part of the modern dance innovations but somehow put an e dge to the classic dance. He combined what he learned from ballet such as the pronounced use of the legs, with the strong emphasis on the upper body in modern dance methods. Greskovic (1999) identifies one of Cunningham’s technical advancement in relation to ballet’s five positions of the feet that he referred to as the Five Positions of the Back – upright, curve, arch, twist and tilt. A meticulous artist, Cunningham did not stop at designing details of his choreography but also dabbled with the music that accompanied the dance. The unconventional sound elements used may be disturbing to the audience simply because it is unfamiliar and therefore, uncomfortable.

Edit the answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Edit the answers - Essay Example In general, the code of ethics covers moral behaviour such as: taking responsibilities one’s actions, honesty in working with others and accepting others honestly, rejecting bribery in any form, shunning discrimination, and assisting colleague to develop and not hurting co-workers. The strength of the ethical code is that it is written and easy to understand. Also it helps build trust and encourages helping others. In the end the code of ethics has a cyclic effect as it encourages members of the electrical and electronics profession to help one other. If there exist weaknesses in the code of ethics, members of the body are encouraged to recommend changes as highlighted in the golden rule. The code encourages leaders to enhance trust among co-workers, which may be challenging. For example, one of the articles encourages people to assist each other to develop themselves. While this is the case, there are people who feel that this may disadvantage them as their peers may be compe titors. In conclusion, having a standard code of ethics for each field and career is important in real life because it will help people to act morally for greater good. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has a standard code of ethics that should be internationally applied. The stipulations of the ethical code of the IEEE focus on providing a clear path for members of the profession, guiding them to have be effective in their practice of the electrical and electronics engineering professions. As a person, I totally agree with those ethical codes because they aim for the great good of all members of the profession. Also, the codes are written in such a way that it benefits all members of the profession in line with the golden rule so that everyone benefits in the long run. So far, I feel there is nothing to add considering my limited experience. I would day the ethics code is written extensively to cover the working environment of engineers. If

Honeywell Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Honeywell Company - Case Study Example Honey well company divided payout has increased over the years, this increase can be associated with the increased efforts to increase labor productivity through outsourcing, the following chart shows dividends paid out by the company over the years: data was retrieved from yahoo finance From the above chart it is evident that the divided payout level were low for the period 1976 to 1992 with only slight increases, for the period 1992 to 2000 the divided payout amount increased at an increasing rate and for the period 2000 to 2004 dividends remained constant and for the period 2004 to 2008 the divided payout amount increased at an increasing rate, this shows that there has been an increase in the profitability of the company and this has been due to increased efforts top outsource cheap labor in other parts of the world. From the above chart it is evident that productivity has increased over the years, labor productivity increased gradually for the period 1987 to 1993 but declined in the period 1993 to 1997. For the period 1997 to 2000 labor productivity increased and this increase in labor productivity can also be associated with outsourcing, this is because aerospace manufacturing companies have increased productivity of labor through outsourcing. Major findings: From the above trends it is evident that the profitability of the Honeywell company has increased over the years, this increase can be attributed to reduced production costs that are realized through outsourcing, it is also evident that labor productivity in the aerospace industry has also gradually increased over the years, their productivity level indicates the labor costs incurred by companies with relation to production, it is therefore evident that through outsourcing companies are able to increase their profitability. Other sources of data: Data on labor productivity and divided yield could also be collected in other ways, the above are secondary sources of data and other primary sources could be used in the collection of data, data can be collected through interview and questionnaires, in order to collect this data a research questionnaire should be prepared or an interview conducted with the company representative where data could be collected and recorded. Primary sources are that best sources of data although they are time consuming and costly compared to secondary sources. Regression analysis: Data variables will include labor productivity and dividends paid out each year for the company, the following table shows the data used: Year labor productivity Honeywell company dividends 1988 87.409 0.51875 1989 87.646 0.45 1990 89.095 0.45 1991 94.098 0.4 1992 96.494 0.25 1993 101.304 0.29 1994 95.564 0.3245 1995 95.652 0.39 1996 99.413 0.45 1997 100 0.52 1998 119.149 0.6 1999 120.8 0.68 2000 103.394 0.752 2001 115.688 0.752 2002 118.649 0.752 2003 119.019 0.752 2004 113.245 0.752 2005 124.959 0.824 2006 117.935 0.908 This section

Why is Cost Accounting So Important to the Success of the Firm Research Paper

Why is Cost Accounting So Important to the Success of the Firm - Research Paper Example Cost accounting is very important because it provides relevant information that can be used by the managerial staff to make decisions. The information provided by cost accounting is mainly used internally by corporations. The purpose of this paper is to describe the importance of cost accounting for a firm. Cost accounting provides relevant information that can be used by both managers and financial accountants. It can be used to measure and report financial and non-financial information that relates to the cost of acquiring or consuming resources by an organization (Horngren & Foster & Datar, 2000). Accountants can be flexible in their applications of cost accounting due to the fact that cost accounting does not have to comply with the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Accountants also use cost accounting to describe the future activities of an organization. The information compiled by cost accounting can be useful both in the short and long term. The planning functio n of an organization benefits a lot from cost accounting. Another important benefit of cost accounting is that it allows companies to compute the cost of a product. There are different techniques and methods in cost accounting that are used by companies to make better decisions. Cost accounting can help a company establish the correct pricing for its products. A technique that can be used to set the price of a product is mark-up pricing. Mark-up pricing sets a price taking into consideration the cost of a product. For instance if the company determines that mark-up price is 50% and the cost of a product is $100, then the price of the product is $150. Another method in cost accounting that can be very valuable to make operating decisions is cost-volume-profit relationships (CVP). CVP analysis is one of the most powerful tools managers have at their command (Garrison & Noreen, 2003). The use of CVP analysis helps managers understand the relationship between cost, volume and profit. On e of the most popular and useful CVP applications is breakeven analysis. The breakeven analysis is an analysis to determine the point at which revenues received equals the costs associated with receiving the revenue (Investopedia, 2011). The net profit of a company at the breakeven point is exactly cero. The formula to calculate break even in units sold is fixed expenses divided by unit contribution margin. The use of break-even analysis can be used to determine the viability of a new project. A very important cost accounting method that is used by accountants and managers in all industries is budgeting. Budgeting is a planning function that displays in quantitative form a proposed plan of action by management for a future period of time and is an aid to the coordination and implementation of the plan (Horngren, et al., 2000). The preparation of budgeted financial statements is referred too as pro forma statements. Three advantages of the use of budgets are planning, creation of per formance criteria, and promotion of coordination and communication. The most comprehensive budget prepared by organizations is the master budget. The master budget is composed of a series of interrelated budgets. Some of the subcomponents of the master budget are: Revenue budget Production budget Direct materials budget Ending inventory budget Manufacturing overhead budget R&D costs budget Marketing budget Distribution costs budget Customer service costs budget Administrative costs budget Capital budget Cash budget A technique that is used to evaluate the results of a budget or pro forma financial statemen

Water Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Water Cycle - Essay Example Factory effluence, poor sewage management, and poor waste disposal have threatened the supply of fresh water to significant levels. Oil spillage features as a dominant factor of pollution in the modern world. Industrialization and urbanization are some of the human factors that have caused significant shortages in the availability of fresh water. Unequal distribution of fresh water resources has created conflicts and occasioned artificial shortages in many parts of the world. Modernization and technological systems of water supply has also had some adverse impact on the availability of fresh water. For instance, certain developments such as irrigations often require the consumption of large supplies of water. Modern usages of water occasion wastage of large amounts of water leading to acute shortages (Royte, 2010). Human interventions in water availability has often involved the conflicts between parties where by the most privileged parties use financial means or political superiority to deny other groups sufficient access to water. Examples exist in parts of the developing world where conflicts between communities or countries have often led to acute water shortages in some of the affec ted

External Validity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

External Validity - Essay Example If the grades of the students seem to improve it cannot directly be concluded that the scheme was the factor which improved the grades. So in order to come up with a perfect conclusion all the external factors are also considered. In order to conduct a research and come up with a perfect solution all the threats to internal validity should be analyzed. If the threats to internal validity are not analyzed and controlled they can and might distort the result or conclusion of the experiment conducted. For e.g. in the above mentioned example other factors can also lead to the improvement of the grades. Other factors like the diet of students, concentration of the students etc. Hence if the researcher concludes that the scheme was the only factor which improved the grades of the students without analyzing other threats or factors he would possibly face several criticism. And his conclusion would not be confirmed until and unless all the factors that can affect the grades of the students a re reviewed. This shows that the threats to the internal validity have a great importance and a conclusion cannot be derived without controlling and analyzing these threats. An experiment is conducted to confirm the cause of a certain state, situation or action. If the threats posed to internal validity are removed a possible conclusion can be derived for the experiment conducted.

Analysis on my Favorite Poems Essay Example for Free

Analysis on my Favorite Poems Essay Dorothy Parker’s poem entitled â€Å"One Perfect Rose† is a simple verse that talks about the joy of the narrator. Despite of all the odds and confusion, she remained happy with the rose that she received. The narrator is not actually contented with what she has because she wants more than what she already received despite of its â€Å"perfection,† but she tried to be satisfied with it. The main theme of the poem is joy or happiness. Like many other woman, the narrator was very happy after receiving a very special and perfect flower just for her from the one she loved. The phrase â€Å"One perfect rose† was scattered all over the poem to justify the happiness of the narrator that happens in reality because we used to express our happiness by saying a certain thing often that delighted us. The author used irony or comparing two things with different identity or individuality such as rose and limousine also leaves and heart. Based on my interpretations, I have seen that the author wanted to show the distinction of the two terms as well as its similarity. In realism, a woman wants to enjoy herself riding a limousine after receiving a flower. From this, she feels that she is the most beautiful woman ever. On the other hand, the existence of metaphorical heart of the narrator’s man as it refers to the leaves shows irony because a leaf drops once it began to pale, which is different from a loving heart that became stronger and dignified even if it is the only one who loves. Those literary terms in the poem made me think of its sense in a deeper manner. Even if the author already gave all the details without making her readers think or imagine the emotion of the narrator, she used literary terms to make each stanza complex by showing ironies, metaphors, simile, and images or symbolisms that hides the true meaning of the poem. From here, I can say that the poem is nice and understandable that made its readers capable of reading the poem without any boundaries of uncertainties. My Papa’s Waltz by Theodore Roethke Theodore Roethke’s poem, entitled â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† shows the life of a boy within the hands of his father. The author wanted to convey a deeper meaning in his poem. By way of reading it, I can see that it was not just a simple learning of dancing that made the narrator struggled into his father’s authority. From learning how to follow his father’s dance step signifies his pursuance of obeying his father as well as making his life the same his father’s life. The main theme of the poem is fear. The narrator was afraid to counter-attack his father from all its way of educating him but he could not do anything because even his mother could not talk or act against his father. Based on my interpretation, the author wrote this poem because he experienced the same pain and struggle of his narrator. Readers could feel each situation and waiting for the next occurrence that can happen. The poem has no resolution at all. This verse illustrates the entire situation without any act of resolving the conflict. The father is the only authority because both the child and the mother could not speak for their rights. From this, I can also say that the author justified a simple way of describing a woman and child abuse that happened within a family that many could not able to perceive. The author selected literary themes to show the emotion of the narrator as he described his experience while â€Å"dancing. † Within those literary themes is the resemblance of fear and unknown future that awaits the child. I have felt the senses and attempt of the narrator to escape but he could not because of his fear and inability to pursue his life alone. From this, I can say that I thoroughly understand each line and stanza that the author wanted to interpret that brought me a new light of this kind of situation that happened in the society that many of us could not understand. The Ruined Maid by Thomas Hardy The poem entitled â€Å"The Ruined Maid† by Thomas Hardy shows the struggle of a maid within her employers. The author showed and discussed the life of a maid without happiness but always failure. The author used two different characters in the story to show the emotions of a maid by using her friend. The author utilized jargons or terms that usually used in African-American community. Through this, even if the author did not state the physical characteristics of the maid, it shows that it refers to the Blacks by way f acknowledging the usage of words and terms in the whole poem. The author putted different literary terms or symbolisms to justify his claim about the ruined maid. Tired of digging potatoes, and spudding up docks; / And now you’ve gay bracelets and bright feathers three! (Hardy 6-7). These lines showed that work of the maid was not just to clean a house or to take care of the children, but becoming like a farmer. The metaphorical symbolisms of potatoes and bracelets also docks and feather shows the evolution of the maid’s life and â€Å"prosperity. † By comparing the bracelets and potatoes, the bracelets are light, beautiful and clean while the potatoes are full of dirt, hard, and dark. It shows that the life of the maid progresses from being a potato to become a bracelet. The maid also becomes a feather that was led by the wind even if she was already ruined. Despite of the uncertainties, the maid leaves her painful and sorrowful life in the hands of his master to find her self and new beginning alone. These literary terms made the poem more fun and entertaining. As I have read the poem, it gives me the right kind of laughter that I can feel while imagining the characteristic and lifestyle of the ruined maid. Because of this, I enjoyed every line and stanza of the poem because of the symbols, images, ironies, similes, and metaphors that exist all throughout the verse. From this, I can say that the author’s intended audiences in his poem are the middle-class people especially the Blacks because despite of all the struggles and pains that they went through, they still have the capability to laugh and entertain their selves. Conclusion As a whole, these poems are not just simple verses. They are social constructs that we usually take for granted. They are also part of realism that we tend to ignore because these occurrences exist commonly. However, if we look at the content and its context in human society, we can perceive each scenario as a sensitive issue that we need to understand and tackle. Through this, we can demonstrate some solutions to these complex problems to avoid or at least lessen its existence within the society whether it came from the minority or majority communities that we lived in. The importance of these poems is not only to entertain us but to give as the right perspectives and justifications of the â€Å"simple† truth. References Hardy, T. (2005). The Ruined Maid. Retrieved 19 February 2008. http://rpo. library. utoronto. ca/poem/926. html Parker, D. (n. d. ). One Perfect Rose. Retrieved 19 February 2008. http://www. web-books. com/classics/Poetry/Anthology/Parker_D/One. htm Roethke, T. (n. d. ) My Papa’s Waltz. Retrieved 19 February 2008. http://gawow. com/roethke/poems/43. html

Thatchers Britain Essay Example for Free

Thatchers Britain Essay The text that we have been studying in Drama is Willy Russells Blood Brothers. Willy Russell was born in Whiston, near Liverpool, England, in 1947. I believe that his upbringing that he had, and his social and economic circumstances greatly affected the writing of Blood Brothers. He was brought up in a poor area, in a poor family that was treated by the government very badly. We hot seated Willy Russell and found out a lot about him. We found out that he was the author of Blood Brothers and that his parents and how they behaved greatly influenced the play because of his working class background. We then went on to find out that he studied Literature at school and achieved an O level in the subject, the only grade that he achieved in schooling. He hated Thatchers Britain because he had strong views on the working classes attempts to gain access to middle-class culture, he believed that every person should be treated the same no matter what their financial state. He believed that Margaret Thatcher helped the rich and made life difficult for the poor. These views that he had greatly affected his writing because in every play that he wrote, the poor were displayed to be courageous and battling even though they were treated badly, and the rich to have the easy life with not a care in the world and look down on the lower class. The second task that helped us to understand the play more was when the workshop developed to the point where we were able to build the two different households. The first household that we had to build was the Johnston house. We had to think more about what we were going to put into the house because of the poor background that the family had. They couldnt be extravagant and had to have a cheap, rough looking sofa, a dirty unfashionable carpet and a big, old TV set. This really helped us to understand the economic issues that the Johnston family had by just letting our minds see what their home was like. You could instantly see that they couldnt afford much and the social affect of being a single mother with only one salary coming into the family really affected them. The theme that ran their lives was that of great poverty. When we built the Lyon family house, it was a completely different story. Big, long dining table, crystal glasses and even a piano in the corner! The Lyon family was obviously the rich family of the play and they could afford to splash out on things because they had money. Hot seating Mrs Johnston really helped me to understand what life was really like for her; she struggled as a mother and provider and felt unloved and unappreciated by her rowdy family. We asked her if she was proud of her home, she said yes because everything in it, she had paid for herself and that made her feel very proud, almost as if she had achieved something. When we sculpted the still images inside both the families, this helped us all to understand the relationships between the characters. In the Johnston image, all the children were close to each other and argued in a playful way showing affection and love towards on another. It was loud with excitement about the Reverend coming round for tea, and the weekly treat of Fish and Chips. Whereas in the Lyon house, the three members of the family were silent while eating their dinner and only spoke when they snapped at each other. The mother sat closer to the child and the father sat at the opposite end of the table, showing a greater more affectionate bond between the mother and son than between father and son. When thought tracking these still images, we were able to find out what the characters really thought about the situation that they were in. Nearly every member in the Johnston household was happy with their poverty-ridden life because they had love and trust. In the Lyons household there was a great divide between the family and the constant arguments and father working away had pushed a barrier between them all. They felt unable to love on another, they only felt anger. As you can see, the influences that Willy Russell had and his own beliefs really have affected this play. He has made the Johnston family that of a loving, courageous family that makes each moment of their life count. Contrastively, in the Lyon household, the author has portrayed the family of that of a over paid, worthless family that has more money than sense. After exploring the text in more depth than just reading it, I feel like I now know a lot more about it and really can understand the thought process that Willy Russell went through when he was writing it. I can clearly see the evidence that made him write the play like he has, and can easily pick out the influences he put into the play from his own life. From using role reversal on the scene were the two boys meet for the first time, I have gained an extra understanding of the relationship of the boys. From changing the mother to Mrs Lyons instead of Mrs Johnston really changed the whole scene greatly. The boys relationship when they first meet really expands; they meet and discover that they have the same birthday. For any young boy, meeting a person that has the same birthday as you is amazing, you feel connected to the person because birth is a special thing! When they become Blood Brothers you really feel the connection between the two and how strongly they are now feeling or their brother. In this scene there is a great show of contrast when Mickey teaches Eddie his new favourite word. It shows the great divide between the two classes due to Thatchers Britain. When Mrs Lyons come in and discovers the two boys, we improvised that she would become really angry with the boys for ever meeting. We decided that this was because she was petrified that Mr Lyons would find out about her never having a child. Next comes the character of Linda. When she discovers later on in the play that Eddie loves her even though she is married to Mickey, what were her feelings? This I what we set out to find out. By using the explorative strategy of Devil/Angel we were able to do this. We found out that she cared greatly for her husband Mickey, but wanted more than she had achieved in her life. She then thought that he only way she would be able to do this was by dating Eddie. We found that she was really very confused because she didnt know which man she wanted more. She had a house and children with Mickey, but wanted to live up to greater things with Eddie. I believe that she had these feelings because she thought that rich Eddie had the easy, carefree life of a rich person in 1980s Britain and she wouldnt have to worry anymore about her financial ways. Basically she wanted out of her poverty ridden life of being Mrs Johnston. At the end of the play, after the meeting between Linda and Mickey after she has been out to lunch with Eddie, we developed the feelings of Mickey as he travelled to the Lyon household. WE did this by using the explorative strategy of a conscience alley. We discovered that the main thoughts travelling trough Mickeys mind were those of hatred and a want for revenge towards Eddie because of the fact that he had cheated on him with his wife. We then continued to look at the scene when Eddie meets the enraged Mickey at his house. We marked out four important scenes, which we felt were turning points in the scene. These point were: 1. When Mickey first gets to the Lyon household 2. When he pulls out the gun on Eddie and asks him who has the power 3. When he reveals that the gun was actually a fake 4. When he pours his heart out to Eddie about the situation of him and his wife We chose these scene because they pitch the different aspects of the final scene, they have nearly all of the feelings of Mickey in them. Love towards Eddie, hatred, the want for revenge all of them. On further development, and turning the still images into a crime report. I personally discovered that the boys deep down really cared for each other and that neither of them wanted to hurt the other. When I wrote and performed my soliloquy of Linda, I really had to focus on the Angel/Devil exercise and the feelings that she had towards each character. I decided that she would be more devastated about the loss of her husband than that of her friend. I thought that she would blame Eddie and herself for Mickeys death because if they had never gone to lunch, Mickey would never have gone over to the Lyon household with the feelings that he did. I now feel that I fully understand the form and structure of Blood Brothers. It is a episodic comedy/tragedy that really shows you how tough it was to live as a working class in Thatchers Britain.

Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathology and Biochemistry

Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathology and Biochemistry The kidneys are a pair of organs that function to removing metabolic wastes like urea, carbon dioxide, salts, and chemicals from the blood and excreting these wastes as urine. Kidneys also regulate the concentration of body fluids and electrolyte concentrations, arterial pressure, secretion/excretion of hormones and acid-base balance of body fluids (Guyton Hall, 2005). The main functional filtering unit of the kidney is the nephron. At least 800 thousand nephrons are in one kidney. The initial filtering unit in the nephron is the glomerulus, and the filtrates coming from the glomerulus are formed into urine as it passes the other components in the nephron. Diseases in the kidney cause a significant number of deaths and disabilities worldwide (Coresh, et al., 2007). Acute renal failure is manifested by the kidneys abruptly stopping, although the chance exists that the kidneys could recover, while in chronic kidney disease there is a progressive decline in the function of the nephrons. More specifically, chronic kidney disease is defined as damaged or decreased kidney function measured by a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for a period or three or more months (Levey, et al., 2003). Initial damage to the nephron results in compensatory responses of the remaining nephrons allowing for the continuation of clearance of blood solutes. The compensatory action of the nephrons during early damage is thought to be a major cause of renal damage, because during compensation the glomerular capillary pressure is increased so much that damages are incurred leading to lesions in the glomeruli (Arora Verelli, 2010). Chronic kidney disea se is also caused by hypertension, diabetes, disorders in blood vessels and glomeruli, infections, immune system disorders, congenital disorders, and urinary tract obstructions (Guyton Hall, 2005). Clinical symptoms for chronic kidney disease are not evident until the number of functional nephrons decreases by 70-75% (Guyton Hall, 2005). The progressive deterioration in kidney function could ultimately lead to end-stage renal disease where the patient must undergo dialysis to remove wastes from the blood, or transplanted with a new kidney. Chronic kidney disease has 5 stages based on the GFR (National Kidney Foundation, 2002). Patients with the stage 1-3 of the disease do not show symptoms. At stage 4-5 electrolyte balance and endocrine disorders become evident. It is believed that the uremic disorders observed at stage 5 are due to the accumulation of toxins (Arora Verelli, 2010). Increased retention of potassium (hyperkalemia) occurs due to inability of the kidneys to excrete potassium. Metabolic acidosis results from the inability of the kidneys to produce enough ammonia necessary to react with the endogenous acid and produce ammonium. Phosphates, sulphates, and other organic anions accumulate, causing large anion gaps. Metabolic acidosis increases protein degradation and amino acid oxidation, and reduces albumin synthesis, resulting in protein-energy malnutrition, decreased body mass, and increased muscle weakness. Acidosis also interferes with Vitamin D metabolism and mineral imbalance resulting in renal osteodys trophy or renal bone disease. Renal bone disease can be averted with timely dietary measures and medications like phosphate binders and calcitriol (Renal Resource Center, 2007). Skeletal and extraskeletal complications result from the progression of renal bone disease. In chronic kidney disease, renal bone disease is categorized into four general types: (1) low turnover disease or defective mineralization; (2) high turnover bone disease brought about by high levels of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels; (3) beta-2-microglobulin associated bone disease; and (4) mixture of the 3 diseases (Arora Verelli, 2010). Diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease Chronic kidney disease is diagnosed by laboratory tests on urine and serum. Serum creatinine as an estimate of glomerular filtration rate, albumin-creatinine ratio in the urine, and examination of urine sediment and dipstick test for erythrocytes and leukocytes are recommended (Levey, et al., 2003). Image analysis by ultrasound can be performed for patients with symptoms of stones, infection, obstruction of the urinary tract and having a family medical history of polycystic kidney disease. Serum electrolytes should be measured on patients who are hypertensive, diabetic, and those who have been exposed to drug toxicity. Other tests include urinary concentration or dilution, and acidification for selected patients who present symptoms of polyuria, metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, hypo- and hyperkalemia (very high levels of potassium). Kidney function is assessed by analyzing serum creatinine along with a blood urea nitrogen test (Lab Tests Online, 2009). Creatinine clearance is an indication of the efficiency of the kidneys in filtering small molecules out of the blood. A traditional and principal marker of kidney damage is persistent or recurring proteinuria (Kean Eknoyan, 1999). Proteins are large molecules, and therefore they cannot pass the membranes of the glomeruli into the urine. Glomeruli, being negatively charged, also repel proteins. Size and charge barriers do not allow the passage of proteins into urine, unless the glomeruli are damaged (Proteinuria and microalbuminuria, 2007). Proteins can be measured using reagent strip tests for point of care detection and laboratory tests, including immunoassays (Carter, Tomson, Stevens, Lamb, 2006). When the protein level is more than 3500 milligrams, extensive glomeruli damage has already occurred. An albumin (or protein)-creatinine ratio higher than 30 mg albumin/g creatinine, is abnormal since the cut-off points are greater than 17 mg/g in males and more than 25 mg/g in females (Warram, Gearin, Laffel, Krolewski, 1996; (Jacobs, Murtaugh, Steffes, Yu, Roseman, Goetz, 2002). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is currently the best test for detecting kidney disorders. GFR is estimated using a formula that uses serum creatinine value, and gender, age and weight of individual. The GFR has been recommended to be the main criterion in classifying kidney disease. Five stages of chronic kidney diseases have been identified based on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (National Kidney Foundation, 2002). Kidney damage has been proposed with normal or increased GFR of > 90 mL/min per 1.73 m2, while kidneys have already failed when the GFR greatly decreased at Indications of chronic kidney disease are varied and diverse. Increase or decrease in levels of important electrolytes phosphate, potassium and calcium. Other indications are metabolic acidosis, pericarditis, malnutrition, neuropathies and cardiovascular complications (Shlipak, et al., 2005; Tonelli, et al., 2006). The treatment of chronic kidney disease depends on the stage of the disease and should focus on several important factors (Arora Verelli, 2010). The primary objective is to delay and halt the progression of the disease by treating the known underlying condition (e.g. hypertension, diabetes). Systolic blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and glycemic levels must be controlled, and use of angiotensin receptor blockers is recommended. Pathologic symptoms should be treated as follows: anemia with erythropoietin; high phosphate levels with dietary means for binding and restricting phosphate binders; low calcium levels with supplements and hyperparathyroidism with vitamin D analogs or calcitriol (Arora Verelli, 2010). For uremic manifestations, dialysis and transplantation are recommended depending on the stage of the diseases, and the indications. Timely planning for renal transplantation is also necessary in order to prepare the patient. Reflection on module Chronic kidney disease is prevalent worldwide, with millions of people affected. The review conducted here shows that the disease has been well characterized with respect to the point-of- care and clinical tests for diagnosis. Chronic kidney disease affects the accumulation of ions in the blood therefore leading to a multitude of adverse conditions. The US National Kidney Foundation has spearheaded efforts to standardize and systematize the different stages, diagnostic approaches and treatment modalities. Apparently, chronic kidney disease results from other disorders. Therefore it can be prevented and corrected by first preventing and curing the underlying cause. This makes the nature of the disease complicated, and solutions are also complex. What is clear is that kidney disease is mostly a result of lifestyle, since most underlying causes like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hyperlipidemia are mostly due to lifestyles. A limitation in the publications that were reviewed was the lack of clear recommendations on how the onset of chronic kidney disease can be prevented, and what specific medications can lead to repair of the glomeruli and the nephrons after damage has occurred. Clearly, a patient with chronic kidney disease is saddled with the knowledge that a complete cure is not possible; and it only takes a matter of time for one to have the end-stage renal disease. The challenge for the medical community is to come up with a clear preventive strategy against kidney disease, and to have other long-term options aside from dialysis or organ transplantation.

Womens Rights :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early 1800s the textile mills of Lowell Massachusetts were a celebrated economic and cultural attraction. Visitors always made sure to pass this place when they visited. Surprisingly most of the workers in the mills were women. The first factory recruited Yankee women from the area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As Lowell expanded becoming the nation’s largest textile manufacturing center, the experiences of women operatives changed as well. With the pressure of competition overproduction became a problem, and high profits of the early years declined. Wages were reduced and the pace of work was stepped up. The women did not accept these changes without any protest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1834 and 1836 they went on strike to protest wage cuts. Between 1843 and 1848 they had petition campaigns aimed at reducing the hours of labor in the mills. These women were very close with each other, and they all shared the same values. This made it easy for them to be so strong in their protests. Most of these women working in the Lowell mills were housed in company boarding homes. In 1836 more than seventy-three percent of females employed by the Hamilton Company lived in houses next to the mills.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They lived in close quarters which played a role in the growth of the community. These boarding houses were the center of social life for these women after their long work days. They ate together, talked with one another, read books together, and also wrote letters. The community of women operatives developed in a setting where women worked and lived together twenty four hours a day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the women went on strike in 1834 they marched to numerous mills in an effort to induce others to join them. They said they would not go back to work until their demands were met. They wanted the wages they were getting before the reduction, to be received all of them as one, and if they do not have enough money to carry them home they shall be supplied.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first strike was brief and failed. By the next week the women either went back to work or left town. The first strike was important not because is failed or succeeded but because it took place. This showed the women were starting to have a voice in the workplace even if they were not being listened to yet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1836 the women went on strike again.

Sarah Canary :: essays research papers fc

Lilian Heker’s “The Stolen Party'; is about a nine-year-old girl named Rosaura who goes to a rich girl’s party. This takes place at a rich girl’s house where her mother works as a maid. Rosaura thinks she is Luciana’s friend but at the end finds out that they could never be friends because of social class difference. The monkey and the magician represent the same kind of relationship between Rosaura and Senora Ines and that is the monkey and Rosaura are both servants, but don’t realize it. What is really going on is both the magician and Senora Ines are taking advantage of them. Symbolism such as the monkey and what the party represents compared to society are used in “The Stolen Party.';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Near the middle of the story it is evident how Lilian feels about the social class system. She compares the party to the social class, and how the rich people are on one side and the poorer people are on the opposite side. Heker does not like the social class system and she doesn’t want the reader to like it either. This story shows how the people in the story are the same, but still separated by one big gap and that is class status. The first hint to that was when the girl with the bow talked to Rosaura. “I and Luciana do our homework together,'; said Rosaura very seriously. “That is not being friends,'; the bow headed girl said (614). In that quote what the girl with the bow said that Rosaura was not a friend of Luciana’s just because you do your homework together. She did not understand what real friends are. She thought that friends were made by the social class you are in, which she probably learned from her parents. This represents He ker’s anger about the social class system and she wants you to see how stupid the class system is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another symbolic element that illustrates the theme about social class is how the monkey and the magician have the same relationship as Senora Ines and Rosaura. Senora Ines and the magician are taking advantage of somebody that is clueless as to what is going on. Senora Ines led on Rosaura that she was Luciana’s friend, but she was really there to be part of the help. She found out the hard way as she was leaving the party.

Old Man and the Sea Concludes with Santiagos Death Essay examples -- e

Old Man and the Sea Essay It is believable that Santiago is dead at the end of The Old Man and the Sea. This conclusion can be deduced from the various hints Hemingway used throughout the novel. The foreshadowing of Santiago’s death, his comparison to Christ, and his bad luck helps one decipher that the death of the old man took place at the end of the book. First, something that leads the reader to believe that Santiago is dead at the end of the book is foreshadowing. One event that foreshadowed Santiago’s death was the death of the marlin. The fish and the old man displayed similar qualities of strength, bravery and determination. For instance, the old man surpassed his natural limits by staying far out at sea, while the fish exceeded its own boundaries by leading Santiago out for eighty-seven days. Besides these similar characteristics, Santiago felt that the marlin and he had a close relationship, as shown in the following quote: â€Å"Then he was sorry for the great fish †¦It is enough to live on the sea and kill our true brothers (75)†. Santiago’s similarity to the fish a...

Succubus Heat CHAPTER 19

The next day, Dante was off to work, and I called Cody right after breakfast. â€Å"Hey,† I said. â€Å"Are you guys still being beach bunnies?† â€Å"You bet,† he said brightly. â€Å"One of our neighbors has a sailboat and offered to let us go with him and-â€Å" â€Å"That's not quite what I had in mind,† I interrupted. An hour and a half later, Peter echoed my thoughts. â€Å"This wasn't what I had in mind.† I'd convinced them to come out with me on my beach hunt. Unfortunately, the day was cold and threatened rain. As we walked along the water at Dash Point, icy wind ripped off the waves and cut across our faces. I snuggled into my jacket, thinking of how many times I'd taken the ability to shape-shift warmer coats for granted. â€Å"Look, I know you guys think you're on spring break, but eventually, we will get another archdemon, and I'd rather it be Jerome.† â€Å"Yes, but it's not like this is exactly an airtight plan,† Peter argued. â€Å"We're pretty much going to beaches at random, in the hopes of finding white sand. Look at this stuff. It's beige†¦is that close enough to white?† I cut him a sidelong glance. â€Å"You once got in an argument with Carter about the difference between ‘Denim Days Blue' and ‘Summer Cobalt.' You tell me. Is there a difference between white and beige?† Peter kicked sand up with the toe of his boot. â€Å"It was ‘ Winter Cobalt,' and Carter was wrong. There's a huge difference between those two.† Cody and I hid our grins as we continued our trek. Dash Point State Park was near Federal Way, down on the south side of Puget Sound. It had seemed reasonable to start there and work our way around the coast, back up toward Seattle. This was our second park of the day, and so far, we'd seen nothing to match the seal's cryptic clues. On our drive to the third place, Peter was still pessimistic. â€Å"You know, this would be a lot easier if we had your dead-beat boyfriend along. We can only go off visual clues at this point. We need someone who can actually sense the power around the vessel.† â€Å"Dante's busy at work,† I explained. â€Å"Huh,† Cody mused. â€Å"I never expected to hear ‘busy' and ‘at work' used together when it came to Dante.† â€Å"Be quiet,† I said. â€Å"Leave the snark to Hugh and Peter.† â€Å"What about Erik?† asked Peter. â€Å"He's psychic.† â€Å"Yeah, I considered that, but he's getting old and his back's been bothering him. I hate to ask him to walk around and around with me†¦but well, I haven't ruled it out.† â€Å"And you don't know any more psychics?† â€Å"Nope. Not that I trust, at least.† â€Å"Me either,† admitted Peter. â€Å"But I bet Hugh does.† â€Å"Yeah, you're probably-† I stopped mid-sentence. â€Å"I might know one more†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It was crazy idea, one I wasn't sure I should put any real effort toward. â€Å"Who?† asked Cody. I shook my head and drove through the entrance of our next state park. â€Å"It's a long story, one I'm going to have to work on.† Our third stop yielded nothing either, save an inability for Peter to get sand out of his boots. It had started raining by that point, and even my mood was down by then. Sunset was still a couple of hours away, but the overcast sky was effectively killing our light. Glancing at my watch, I saw that the dance lesson was looming, so we turned north and headed back to Seattle. I dropped the vampires off at their apartment and then drove home to get ready. My closet's dress selection seemed old and tired, but I had no new fashions to magically summon. So, I opted for a sleeveless minidress with a bright pattern of orange, green, and black flowers that had been blurred together like a water-color painting. It was a bit shorter than it should have been for a dance with this much movement, but the colors seemed suitable and cheerful on a day like this. It also seemed cold, though, and on impulse, I added black thigh-high stockings to keep my legs warm. Between that, black heels, and dark lipstick, I seemed to be channeling my succubus self more than my mild-mannered bookstore manager self. Of course, considering the whore wear I'd shown up in a week or so ago, this was kind of tame. Doug naturally still teased me about it, though deep down inside, I knew he thought I looked hot. I took a smug satisfaction in knowing I'd done it without any shape-shifting. Plus, I'd practically burned my hair off trying to flat iron it tonight. I dared anyone to accuse me of frizziness. Maddie was ecstatic, and her enthusiasm spread to those among the staff who'd decided to stay after closing for the lesson. A few of their friends had shown up as well, giving us around a dozen. It was a good, manageable size. We cleared space upstairs, and I set up my portable CD player. Cody had helped me teach swing before, but I hadn't thought to enlist his assistance this time. Instead, I used Doug as my demo. Maybe it was part of being a musician, but he had a solid sense of rhythm and could pick up moves really quickly. A half-hour in, I trusted him enough to start assisting others, and we split up to work with some of our students. Despite my hesitation in agreeing to the lesson, I had fun, and most people were so nervous about touching their manager that I didn't have to worry about anyone hurting my back. Maddie, enthusiastic or not, was having a bit of trouble and complained loudly when her brother came in to help her. He swept her away, leaving me with her former dance partner: Seth. I'd known he was here, of course, but I'd been trying to avoid eye contact. There was no good way around it now, and we stood there awkwardly, eyeing each other, neither of us certain what to do. Autopilot kicked in, and I held my hands out to him. I was the teacher here, and since he was one of the worst dancers on the floor, it was only natural that he'd need my help more than others. Seth held up his hands in return, and as I took a step forward, my heel snagged on the carpet. I knelt down to check, thinking it would be pretty embarrassing to trip and fall when I was the alleged model of grace and balance here. Glancing up, I met Seth's eyes. He was looking down at me, and his face was no longer shy or confused. His expression was considering and†¦well, hungry. Looking down, I suddenly realized the view I was offering up. He was able to see right into the heart of my cleavage, which was already considerably exposed by the dress's low neckline. From kneeling, my skirt had ridden up, showing off the black lace top of one of my thigh-highs. I don't know what in particular he found the most alluring, but his gaze raked across my body, and everywhere it touched, heat swept me. I rose, suddenly feeling like the shy and awkward one. Desire was written all over him, and it was a wonder the entire room didn't notice. He extended his hands again, and when we touched, electricity shot through my body. Finding the beat, I led him into the steps. He was every bit as bad as I remembered, yet as I worked to guide him in the right moves, our bodies brushing together out of necessity, I couldn't help but think that while his dance rhythm might be lacking, there'd been nothing uncoordinated about the way he made love. Neither of us spoke for a minute or so, and I was sure he was caught up in the same physical spell as me, probably reliving our encounter from yesterday as well. My arousal was growing too, and wrong as I knew it was, I actually went out of my way to make sure we occasionally touched as I guided his body. Finally, sexually charged or not, I couldn't help but laugh. â€Å"I think this is the worst I've ever seen you dance,† I told him. â€Å"And believe me, that's saying something.† He smiled ruefully, but I suspected dancing was the last thing on his mind right now. â€Å"I'm out of practice.† â€Å"Well, I'm glad you're actually here this time, instead of sitting on the sidelines.† â€Å"Things change, I guess.† I held his eyes for a few moments. â€Å"Yes. Yes, they do.† A few more moments of silence passed before he asked, â€Å"How's your immortal, um, situation going?† â€Å"Hmm?† Seth's hand had come within millimeters of brushing against my breast when we turned. Sternly, I chastised myself to forget about the way his body had felt-and looked and smelled and tasted-yesterday and remember my other problems. â€Å"Oh, well. Not so great, actually. I got some more info, except it's hard to-â€Å" When I fell silent, Seth tilted his head and gave me a puzzled look. â€Å"What?† I'd forgotten the idea that I'd briefly hinted at to the vampires. â€Å"Seth†¦I have a strange question to ask you†¦and you can feel free to say no.† The look on his face still seemed to say he wanted to rip my clothes off, but there was something else†¦something serious and concerned that made sweet, sentimental feelings mingle with my own lust. â€Å"If there's anything I can do to help, I will.† â€Å"I know,† I said. â€Å"Except this isn't exactly your help†¦it's Kayla's.† If Seth had been doing any semblance of dancing now, he might have stumbled and missed a beat. As it was, it was kind of hard to tell the difference. â€Å"Kayla?† His four-year-old niece's name was clearly not what he'd been expecting to hear. â€Å"Do you remember when I said she had psychic powers?† â€Å"Yeah†¦but I didn't really think much of it.† â€Å"Well, I told you the logistics of summoning, right? Now I've got a lead on where Jerome is but not how to find him once we're in the right spot. I could do it if I was back to normal, or a psychic might be able to do it. Unfortunately, my usual ones aren't easily accessible.† Worry was rapidly dominating over desire now. I was sad to see the arousal leave him, but this was a serious topic. â€Å"I'm not sure I like the idea of Kayla getting mixed up in any of this. In fact, I know I don't like it.† I nodded. â€Å"I know. I figured you'd feel that way-believe me, I don't like it either.† I loved all of Seth's nieces, but Kayla in particular always tugged at my heartstrings. â€Å"Just something that crossed my mind earlier.† â€Å"Well, I-ah!† Another couple slammed into my back, shoving me forward into his arms. My hands reached out to catch myself, but it didn't stop our bodies from pressing together. Every part of me tingled at that contact, and if I'd had any remaining delusions that I could forget about what we'd done yesterday, they shattered for good now. â€Å"Sorry,† said Andy. He was dancing with Casey, and like her, he was a longtime staff member. Casey groaned. â€Å"Georgina, please take him. Even Seth can't be that bad.† â€Å"Debatable,† I murmured. I didn't want to move, didn't want to break my hold with Seth. I wanted to stay there and keep touching him, and because of that very impulse, I stepped back. My breathing was heavy, and it took me a moment to gather myself. I drew in one more deep breath and grinned at Andy. â€Å"Okay. Let's see what we can do with you.† Casey led Seth away, and I managed to avoid him for the rest of the dance lesson. When it wrapped up, everyone clapped in my honor and demanded I teach a follow-up. I assured them I would, but I was too flustered and preoccupied to settle on a date right now. I promised to get back to them later. Several of them immediately jumped in to put the room back together, and seeing no further reason to stay, I hurried off to my office. My plan was to check up on some of the paperwork and hide out until everyone was gone so that I wouldn't have to see Seth again. I was half-way down the hall when I heard someone call my name. â€Å"Georgina?† I halted. It was Maddie. I turned, hoping the smile on my face looked neither fake nor panicked. Fuck. She was here to bust me for cozying up with her boyfriend on the dance floor. And honestly, it was no more than I deserved. But her face was all smiles and good cheer as she handed me a stack of papers. â€Å"I went kind of crazy,† she said sheepishly, â€Å"but these are some condo listings I printed for you. I've been searching online the last couple of days and kind of looked at everything since you still weren't one hundred percent sure of what you wanted. Got a lot of good hits by the beach.† I took the stack from her, stunned. This was the last thing I'd expected. â€Å"It's probably overkill, but it should give you a lot to look at. Then, if you get some ideas, we can go on from there.† I glanced down at the top sheet, displaying a three-bedroom condo out on Alki. â€Å"I†¦wow. Thank you, Maddie. You shouldn't have.† She beamed at my thanks. â€Å"Happy to. Let me know what you think-and thanks again for the lesson. It was so much fun! Hopefully I'll be less horrible next time. Maybe I can get Seth to practice at home.† She gave me a quick hug and then hurried off to catch a ride with Doug. I trudged to my office, papers in hand, and set them on my desk. I collapsed into the chair, feeling horrible. While I'd been out doing bad, wicked things with her boyfriend, she'd been working diligently to find me a new home. I tried hard after that to browse some spreadsheets, but my heart wasn't in it. I mostly stared at numbers without really comprehending them, and when a knock came at the door, I welcomed the distraction. I jumped up from my chair. â€Å"Come in.† I wondered if Maddie had forgotten to give me another ream. But it wasn't her. Seth stood in the doorway. I stared, hoping my mouth hadn't dropped open or anything embarrassing like that. â€Å"What†¦what are you doing here? I thought you left.† He looked as though he wanted to step inside but was afraid to. â€Å"Doug took Maddie home, and I came back to†¦to get†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He stopped and shook his head, unable to continue with a lie about having forgotten something. â€Å"I came back to see you.† I remembered the way his eyes had watched my body, the smoke in them when the skirt had ridden up my leg. That same smokiness was there now, and I felt my own body's desire flare up in response. Really, though, after the way we'd touched while dancing, the desire had never really left me. Nonetheless, I tried to be reasonable. â€Å"Seth, we can't†¦not again†¦it's†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I know,† he said. At last, he crossed the threshold. â€Å"And I told myself†¦told myself I'd let it go†¦but I haven't stopped thinking about you since yesterday. And after tonight.† Hesitantly, as though afraid someone might be lurking, he shut the door behind him. â€Å"Just the way you looked out there. It was†¦amazing. Believe me, I didn't screw up dancing because I'm bad at it-which I am. It's because I wasn't thinking about it at all. I was thinking about you. God, I couldn't stop. And it's not just how sexy you are tonight. It was more. It was the way you lit up the room, the way you charmed everyone and made them happy. You don't need any special powers to do that, Georgina. It's just in you, part of who you are. How funny you are, how smart. It's what made me fall in love you back then, and it's what†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He didn't finish, and I was glad. If he had said â€Å"†¦makes me love you now,† I wouldn't have been able to handl e it. I noticed that he'd moved a lot closer. I took a deep breath. â€Å"It would have been easier on me if you said you just thought I was sexy.† Shallowness I could handle. Not this emotional depth. He gave a rueful smile and stepped even closer so that we were only a couple feet apart. â€Å"Oh, believe me, I do. And it would be a lot easier on me if you weren't.† I could scarcely breathe. We were so close now, and every atom in the room felt charged. I felt charged. There was no mistaking the look on his face. He wanted me too-badly. Lust and desire spilled off him, and I knew my own face mirrored those feelings. He was careful, though, standing as close as he dared, waiting for my signal. There was a tension to him, like it would only take one small sign from me for him to explode. Desperately, I tried to grasp a hold of everything reasonable that I knew. I remembered how miserable I'd felt when he left to go see Maddie yesterday. Hell, I tried to think of Maddie herself-that cheerful, guileless face that trusted me so much. I tried to think of Dante. None of that worked, though, because all that was in my head was Seth, how perfect it had felt being with him. How perfect it felt being with him even now. Reaching out, I took his hand and brought it up to my collarbone. It was all he needed. He stepped closer and traced the lines of my neck, then moved down to my shoulder. He pushed the dress's strap so that it slid down my arm. His fingers followed it, pulling it farther so that the top of my dress fell forward, revealing most of my breast. My nipple was already hard and ready when his hand moved over and pulled the rest of that side of the dress down, completely exposing my breast. He cupped it, squeezing its fullness and running his fingers along the curve. His other hand moved to my other side, cupping that breast and teasing its nipple underneath the dress's silk. My body pressed closer to his, and our mouths met, hot and intense. Yesterday had been sweet and full of emotion. There was emotion here today, but it was intermingled with raw passion, with an animal instinct that made me wish he'd ravage my body right now. And honestly, that wasn't too far from what happened. I stumbled from the press of our bodies and found my back pressed-gently-against the wall as he continued caressing my breasts. My hands wrapped around his neck, moving up to half-tangle and half-pull his hair. He finally released my breasts and ran his hands over the length of my body, down my hips and thighs, across the sheer, silky fabric covering my legs. Sliding his hands back up, he pushed my skirt up and slipped one hand under my thigh, so that it wrapped around his waist and kept the dress up. His other hand moved down under my black lace thong panties, probing to see if I was ready. I was. I was warm and wet and slick, and the finger he slipped into me went in so easily that he then tried two, then three. I groaned and arched my back as he moved his fingers in and out of me and his mouth left hard, bruising kisses on my neck. My own hands fumbled down, trying to unfasten his pants. When I'd tugged them and his boxers down, he gripped my hips and turned me around so that I faced the wall. He shoved my skirt back up and tugged my panties halfway down my thighs. I bent over and extended my arms, using my hands to brace myself against the wall. He entered me, forceful and deep, with no buildup or teasing. He was just as hard and long as I remembered, just as wonderful. Steadying his hands on my hips, he thrust roughly into me, desperately trying to sate the need I'd seen in him earlier, the need I shared. I cried out each time he shoved into me, knowing I should be quiet in case someone else had come back to the store. But I couldn't be. I was too caught up in the out-of-control passion of this moment, in the sinuous, primal lust that had consumed us both. And underscoring all of it was the realization that it was Seth. Seth, Seth, Seth†¦whom I loved more than anyone else. You are the world . He moved his hands up from my hips to cup my breasts, forcing me to readjust my position. All the time, he never broke his rhythm, staying fast and urgent. His fingers pinched my nipples hard, and I cried out louder. I think that turned him on even more, spurring him to thrust harder into me. Hoping to excite him further, I completely gave myself over and let go of any restraint with my voice. The louder I moaned, the more his body pounded into mine. It was all I could do to keep myself from getting pressed against the wall, and as I moaned over and over, it had nothing to do with arousing him and everything to do with the ecstatic and exquisite force of what we were doing. And when I finally came, the heat between my thighs building to an unbearable high, it was his name I screamed. A surge of new wetness came with my orgasm, and then I heard him groan and give a thrust so hard that it did shove me against the wall. His hands still clenched my breasts, his nails digging into my tender flesh, as he shuddered and took his release. He came for a long time, his low cry slowly fading. When he pulled out, the loss of him in my body made me feel incomplete. Nonetheless, I straightened up and leaned against the wall, gasping to catch my breath. My voice was hoarse. â€Å"Jesus,† I said. â€Å"That was bad.† Seth looked startled-and then hurt. â€Å"Bad?† â€Å"No, not performance bad-more like dirty, wicked bad. The kind of stuff that gets an R rating.† â€Å"What, we can't do that?† He stepped forward and wrapped his arms around my waist, nuzzling my neck. â€Å"Well, yeah†¦er, well, damn it. We're not supposed to be. Not at all. It's just that last time, it was like†¦I don't know. It was making love. This time it was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Fucking?† he supplied. â€Å"Oh God,† I groaned. â€Å"Seth Mortensen just said ‘fucking' out loud. The end times are near.† He laughed and placed tiny kisses over my cheek. â€Å"I'm not some innocent. You should know that from my books.† â€Å"Yeah, but still. You aren't O'Neill. Unless you're getting into fistfights that I don't know about.† â€Å"Mmm†¦not lately.† We stood there in each other's arms, both warm in the afterglow of what we'd done. Then, just like last time, a strange awkwardness began to grow. We didn't even need Maddie calling now. I carefully pulled away. â€Å"You should probably go, huh?† I didn't say it, but I was certain he'd be seeing her later. â€Å"Yeah, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He sighed and rubbed his forehead. â€Å"This is a lot harder than I thought it would be.† â€Å"What, having an illicit and cheap affair?† He grimaced. â€Å"No. But I mean, I've spent ages imagining what it'd be like to be with you and wishing you weren't a succubus. I was always down on myself†¦I felt so shallow to be consumed by sex like that. And now that it's finally happened-now that you aren't a succubus-it's not superficial or shallow at all. It's so†¦I don't know. It's powerful. I wish this was an illicit, cheap affair. I wish I didn't feel this so deeply. Otherwise, when we said yesterday was it, it really would have been it.† I wished then, more than anything, that he'd say he was going to leave Maddie and we could be together again. He didn't, though, and I certainly wasn't going to bring it up. Besides, what good would it do? In only a few more days, I'd be back to normal, and our relationship would be as dysfunctional as before. What I wanted was pointless. â€Å"Can I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He took a deep breath. â€Å"Can I see you again? I know we said no more†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I knew that by â€Å"see you again† he meant â€Å"have sex with you again.† And somehow, I realized we were on a precipice here. The first time had been†¦well, not accidental†¦but certainly unexpected. This time had been an out-of-control animal lust. But now? An open declaration of this affair-premeditated sex-it took things to a whole new level. There was no going back. I studied those eyes I loved, the warm and gentle lips. I assessed my body, how it ached yet still burned with pleasure. Then I glanced over at Maddie's painstakingly researched real estate packet. That should have been my mood killer, my warning. It was a reminder of who we were both betraying here. Seth had given in, but though I was on the verge, I could still pull back and save us from this. I had the power to say no. â€Å"Yes,† I said at last. â€Å"You can see me again.†

Marketing strategies Essay

Types of strategies foodstuffing strategies whitethorn differ depending on the unique business office of the individual business. However there argon a number of ways of categorizing n firstish generic strategies. A brief comment of the intimately common categorizing systems is presented be wiped out(p) Strategies found on market place office In this scheme, stiffs atomic number 18 classified based on their market share or dominance of an industry. Typically there are tetrad types of market dominance strategies Leader rivalryFollowerNicherAccording to Shaw, Eric (2012). merchandising system From the Origin of the Concept to the Development of a Conceptual Framework. Journal of Historical query in Marketing., there is a fashion pattern for merchandise strategies. Market understructure strategiesAt introduction, the merchandising strategist has both normal strategies to choose from acumen or inlet (47). Market harvest-home strategiesIn the early growth stage , the market manager may choose from devil additional strategic alternatives segment expansion ( smith, Ansoff) or firebrand expansion (Borden, Ansoff, Kerin and Peterson, 1978) (48). Market maturity strategiesIn maturity, sales growth slows, stabilizes and starts to decline. In earlymaturity, it is common to employ a nourishment strategy (BCG), where the household maintains or holds a stable selling mix (48). Market decline strategiesAt some(prenominal) point the decline in sales approaches and thence begins to exceed be. And not just business relationship costs, there are mysterious costs as well as Kotler (1965, p. 109) find No financial accounting dirty dog adequately convey all the hidden costs. At some point, with declining sales and rise costs, a harvesting strategy becomes unprofitable and a divesting strategy necessary (49). beforehand(predicate) marketing strategy patterns wereBordens marketing mixIn his classic Harvard strain Review (HBR) article of the marketing mix, Borden (1964) credit James Culliton in 1948 with describing the marketing administrator as a decider and a social of ingredients. This led Borden, in the early 1950s, to the cortical potential that what this mixer of ingredients was deciding upon was a marketing mix (34). Smiths assortediation and naval division strategiesIn ingathering differentiation, according to Smith (1956, p. 5), a firm tries bending the go forth of learn to the will of show. That is, distinguishing or differentiating some cheek(s) of its marketing mix from those of competitors, in a mass market or large(p) segment, where customer preferences are relatively equivalent (or heterogeneity is ignored, Hunt, 2011, p. 80), in an attempt to agitate its aggregate demand curve to the left over(p) (greater quantity sold for a given(p) charge) and make it more inelastic (less obedient to substitutes).With segmentation, a firm recognizes that it faces multiple demand curves, because custome r preferences are heterogeneous, and focuses on suffice one or more proper(postnominal) target segments within the overall market (35). Deans glide and penetration strategiesWith skimming, a firm introduces a product with a high price and afterwards milking the least price sensitive segment, piecemeal reduces price, in a stepwise fashion, tapping stiff demand at each price level. With penetration pricing a firm continues its initial low price from introductionto rapidly capture sales and market share, but with lower profit margins than skimming (37). Forresters product life speech rhythm (PLC)The PLC does not offer marketing strategies, per se rather it provides an overarching framework from which to choose among various(a) strategic alternatives (38). in that location are in any case corporate strategy concepts likeAndrews tog up analysisAlthough widely used in marketing strategy, elevate ( too known as TOWS) Analysis originated in corporate strategy. The SWOT concept, if not the acronym, is the work of Kenneth R. Andrews who is credited with report the text portion of the classic line of business Policy Text and Cases (Learned et al., 1965) (41). Ansoffs growth strategiesThe most well-known, and least often attributed, aspect of Igor Ansoffs Growth Strategies in the marketing literature is the term product-market. The product-market concept results from Ansoff juxtaposing impertinent and existing products with unfermented and existing markets in a cardinal by two intercellular substance (41-42). Porters generic strategiesPorter generic strategies strategy on the proportions of strategic scope and strategic strength. strategic scope refers to the market penetration season strategic strength refers to the firms sustainable competitive advantage. The generic strategy framework (porter 1984) comprises two alternatives each with two alternative scopes. These are Differentiation and cheap leadership each with a dimension of Focus-broad or narr ow. ** Product differentiation ** cost leadership **Market segmentation * entry strategies This deals with the firms rate of the new product development and business model innovation. It asks whether the company is on the cutting borderline of technology and business innovation. There are three types ** Pioneers ** Close followers ** latish followers * Growth strategies In this scheme we ask the question, How should the firm grow?. There are a number of different ways of answering that question, but the most common gives four answers Horizontal consolidationVertical consolidationDiversificationIntensificationThese ways of growth are termed as radical growth. Horizontal growth is whereby a firm grows towards acquiring other businesses that are in the same line of business for causa a clothing retail topic acquiring a food blowhole. The two are in the retail establishments and their integration lead to expansion. Vertical integration substructure be forward or backward. e arlier integration is whereby a firm grows towards its customers for character a food manufacturing firm acquiring a food outlet. Backward integration is whereby a firm grows towards its source of supply for example a food outlet acquiring a food manufacturing outlet. A more detailed scheme uses the categoriesMiles, Raymond (2003). organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process. Stanford Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4840-3. ProspectorAnalyzerDefenderReactorMarketing warfare strategies This scheme draws parallels between marketing strategies and military strategies. BCGs growth-share portfolio matrix ground on his work with experience curves (that also provides the rationale for Porters low cost leadership strategy), the growth-share matrix was before created by Bruce D. Henderson, CEO of the Boston Consulting pigeonholing (BCG) in 1968 (according to BCG history).Throughout the 1970s, Henderson expanded upon the concept in a series of pithy (one to three page) artic les in the BCG newsletter call Perspectives (Henderson, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1976a, b). Tremendously popular among large multi-product firms, the BCG portfolio matrix was popularized in the marketing literature by Day (1977) (45).